FDM有限元仿真与层间连贯分层复合扫描路径研究

杨元; 代溪林; 常正平; 高峰; 段继豪

doi:10.13433/j.cnki.1003-8728.20230326

FDM有限元仿真与层间连贯分层复合扫描路径研究

doi: 10.13433/j.cnki.1003-8728.20230326

1.
西安理工大学陕西省机械制造装备重点实验室，西安　710048
2.
西北工业大学机电学院，西安　710072

基金项目: 陕西省机械制造装备重点实验室开放课题（JXZZZB-2022-05）

详细信息

作者简介:
杨元（1989−），讲师，博士，研究方向为数字化工装设计与优化、增材制造技术与装备，yuanyang@xaut.edu.cn

中图分类号: TH162
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- 文章访问数: 86
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- 被引次数: 0
出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2023-06-01
- 刊出日期: 2023-11-30

Research on FDM Finite Element Simulation and Interlayer Coherent Layered Composite Scanning Path

1.
Key Laboratory of Manufacturing Equipment of Shaanxi Province, Xi'an University of Technology, Xi'an 710048, China
2.
School of Mechanical Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an 710072, China

摘要

摘要: 3D打印扫描路径是影响打印质量和效率的重要因素。本文在研究熔融沉积成型（Fused deposition modeling，FDM）打印原理及有限元仿真的基础上，旨在给出一种层间连贯分层复合扫描路径方法。首先分析了往复直线扫描与偏置扫描的工艺特点并提出了层间连贯的分层复合扫描路径；然后采用生死单元技术建立了FDM成形过程有限元模型并进行了实验验证。结合有限元仿真与实验，结果表明，本文所提扫描路径不仅将往复直线扫描和偏置扫描的优势融合，且分层复合的挤出方式增加了打印的连贯性和整体性。
- FDM /
- 有限元仿真 /
- 路径规划 /
- 层间连贯 /
- 分层复合
Abstract: The scanning path of 3D printing is an important factor affecting printing quality and efficiency. On the basis of studying the printing principle and finite element simulation of Fused Deposition Modeling (FDM), this paper aims to give a method of interlayer coherent layered composite scanning path. Firstly, the process characteristics of reciprocating linear scanning and offset scanning were analyzed, and a layered composite scanning path with interlayer coherence was proposed; Then, a finite element model of the FDM forming process was established using the life and death element technology and experimentally verified. Combining finite element simulation and experiments, the results show that the scanning path proposed in this paper not only integrates the advantages of reciprocating linear scanning and offset scanning, but also enhances the coherence and integrity of printing through the extrusion method of interlayer coherence and layered composite.
- FDM /
- finite element simulation /
- path planning /
- interlayer coherent /
- layered composite

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图 1 FDM制件应用领域

Figure 1. Application fields of FDM parts

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图 2 往复直线扫描

Figure 2. Reciprocating linear scanning

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图 3 偏置扫描

Figure 3. Offset scanning

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图 4 层间连贯分层复合扫描路径

Figure 4. Interlayer coherent layered composite scanning path

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图 5 往复直线-偏置复合扫描路径

Figure 5. Composite reciprocatinglinear and offset scanning path

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图 6 90°与180°交错分层扫描路径

Figure 6. Layered scanning path interlaced 90° and 180°

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图 7 内外连贯分层扫描路径

Figure 7. Layered scanning path with internal and external coherence

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图 8 有限元模型

Figure 8. Finite element model

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图 9 实例件有限元仿真云图

Figure 9. Finite element simulation cloud diagramof an experimental instance

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图 10 打印现场及成型件

Figure 10. Printing site and printed parts

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图 11 结构光扫描仪及轮廓点云

Figure 11. Structured light scanner and contour point cloud

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图 12 不同扫描路径热力耦合场云图

Figure 12. Cloud images of thermal mechanical coupling fields with different scanning paths

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图 13 两个实验件不同路径下的打印实物

Figure 13. Two experimental parts under different scanning paths

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图 14 Leica DCM3D 扫描仪

Figure 14. Leica DCM3D scanner

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表 1 材料参数

Table 1. Material parameters

密度/（kg·m⁻³）	传导率/[W·（m·℃）⁻¹]	弹性模量/MPa	泊松比
1250	0.25	3.5 × 10³	0.35

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表 2 材料相变属性

Table 2. Material phase change properties

比热容/[J·（kg·℃）⁻¹]	温度/℃
1560	47.5
1700	54.9
1 820	60.3
1 900	109.3
2320	134.9
4360	145.6
2100	152.0
1 980	172.3

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表 3 打印参数

Table 3. Printing parameters

热床温度/℃	填充率/%	间距/mm	层高/mm	喷嘴直径/mm
70	100	0.4	0.2	0.4

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表 4 实验与有限元仿真数据对比

Table 4. Comparison of experimental and finite element simulation data

参数名	编号
参数名	1	2	3	4	5
v/（mm·s⁻¹）	65	26	53	81	69
T/℃	213	202	200	205	223
实验最大变形/mm	0.0472	0.0329	0.0439	0.0508	0.0543
仿真最大变形/mm	0.0434	0.0284	0.0379	0.0450	0.0463
相对误差/%	8.05	13.68	13.67	11.42	14.73

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表 5 不同扫描路径的最大应力与最大变形

Table 5. The maximum deformation and stress under different scanning paths

扫描路径	最大应力/MPa	最大变形/mm
长边往复直线扫描	15.21	1.43 × 10⁻²
由外向内偏置扫描	14.28	1.12 × 10⁻²
层间连贯分层复合扫描	12.12	9.98 × 10⁻³

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表 6 成型效率对比

Table 6. Comparison of printing efficiency

扫描路径	打印耗时/s
扫描路径	长方体	半球体
长边往复直线扫描	177	2 008
由外向内偏置扫描	202	2179
层间连贯分层复合扫描	189	2076

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表 7 半球体表面粗糙度分析

Table 7. Analysis of surface roughness of hemisphere

扫描路径	R_a/μm
扫描路径	1	2	3	均值
长边往复直线扫描	9.110	12.085	10.975	10.723
由外向内偏置扫描	4.203	6.682	6.198	5.694
层间连贯分层复合扫描	3.342	4.371	3.739	3.817

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