O型橡胶密封圈动密封应力分布数值模拟研究

张心怡; 贾均红; 高飒飒; 李洪春; 李东升; 杨晓东

doi:10.13433/j.cnki.1003-8728.20230296

O型橡胶密封圈动密封应力分布数值模拟研究

doi: 10.13433/j.cnki.1003-8728.20230296

1.
陕西科技大学机电工程学院，西安 710021
2.
西安航天动力研究所陕西省特种密封技术工程研究中心，西安 710100

基金项目:

陕西省重点研发计划项目 2023-YBGY-346

详细信息

作者简介:
张心怡(1999-), 硕士研究生, 研究方向为橡胶材料密封性能及损伤有限元分析, 210511030@sust.edu.cn

通讯作者:
贾均红, 教授, 博士, jhjia@sust.edu.cn

中图分类号: TH145.4⁺1
计量
- 文章访问数: 170
- HTML全文浏览量: 125
- PDF下载量: 41
- 被引次数: 0
出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2022-09-05
- 刊出日期: 2023-10-25

Numerical Simulation Study on Dynamic Sealing Stress Distribution of Rubber O-ring Seal

1.
College of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi′an 710021, China
2.
Shaanxi Special Sealing Technology Engineering Research Center, Xi′an Aerospace Propulsion Institute, Xi′an 710100, China

摘要

摘要: O型橡胶密封圈是航空航天密封机构中一个重要的零部件, 由于其服役工况条件复杂, 极易出现密封失效进而影响机构系统的正常运行。本文针对O型密封圈的选型及动密封失效问题, 基于ABAQUS建立了O型橡胶密封圈的二维轴对称模型, 分析了不同橡胶材料O型密封圈在往复运动时的应力变化, 探究了压缩率、摩擦因数、介质压力对其密封性能的影响, 并对其在往复运动中的失效形式和失效位置进行了预判。研究表明, 相比于三元乙丙橡胶和氟橡胶, 相同条件下丁腈橡胶密封圈密封性能较好; 预压缩的过程中, O型橡胶密封圈被压缩而发生变形呈鼓形, 最大Von Mises应力出现在密封圈与密封凹槽和活塞轴接触位置。往复运动过程中, 随着压缩率、摩擦因数和介质压力的增大, O型橡胶密封圈的最大Von Mises应力和最大接触应力都随之增大; 当行程结束时, 其最大Von Mises应力值达到一个峰值, 且摩擦因数越大, 峰值越大; 最大Von Mises应力和接触应力都会随着介质压力的增大而增大, 在活塞拐角处较容易发生应力集中现象。本研究可为O型橡胶密封圈的材料选择及动密封的参数调控提供理论依据。
- O型橡胶密封圈 /
- 动密封 /
- 应力 /
- 密封性能
Abstract: The O-ring seal is an important component in aerospace seal structures, and its operating conditions are complex, which easily leads to seal failure and affects the normal operation of the system. This paper focuses on the selection and dynamic sealing failure of O-ring seals, and establishes a two-dimensional axisymmetric model of O-ring rubber seal based on ABAQUS to analyze the stress changes of different rubber material O-ring seals during reciprocating motion, and explore the effects of compression rate, friction coefficient, and medium pressure on the sealing performance, and predict the failure mode and location during reciprocating motion. The research shows that compared with Ethylene-Propylene-Diene monomer rubber and fluorous rubber, nitrile rubber O-ring seals have better sealing performance under the same conditions. During the precompression process, the O-ring rubber seal is compressed and deformed into a drum shape, and the maximum Von Mises stress appears at the contact position of the seal ring, the sealing groove, and the piston shaft. During reciprocating motion, the maximum Von Mises stress and maximum contact stress of O-ring rubber seals both increase with the increase of compression rate, friction coefficient and medium pressure; when the stroke ends, its maximum Von Mises stress value reaches a peak, and the peak value increases with the increase of friction coefficient; the maximum Von Mises stress and contact stress both increase with the increase of medium pressure, and stress concentration is prone to occur at the piston corner. This study can provide theoretical basis for material selection and dynamic sealing parameter control of O-ring rubber seals.
- rubber O-ring seal /
- dynamic seal /
- stress /
- sealing performance

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图 1 密封结构示意图

Figure 1. Diagram of seal structure

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 2 O型橡胶密封圈的有限元模型

Figure 2. Finite element model of O-ring rubber seal

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 3 橡胶密封圈在往复动密封中的工作过程

Figure 3. The working process of rubber sealing ring in reciprocal sealing

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图 4 不同材料O型橡胶密封圈的最大Von Mises应力变化

Figure 4. The maximum Von Mises stress change of O-ring rubber seals of different materials

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 5 活塞倒角对O型密封圈的挤压变形应力云图

Figure 5. Compression deformation stress nephogram of piston chamfer on O-ring seal

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图 6 往复运动中不同橡胶的应力对比

Figure 6. Comparison of stress of different rubbers in reciprocal motion

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图 7 预压缩时的应力云图

Figure 7. Stress nephogram during precompression

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图 8 压缩率的影响

Figure 8. The effect of compression rate

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图 9 不同摩擦因数下的最大Von Mises应力随时间的变化

Figure 9. Variation of maximum Von Mises stress with time under different friction coefficients

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图 10 最大Von Mises应力和最大接触应力随摩擦因数的变化

Figure 10. Variation of maximum Von Mises stress and maximum contact stress with friction coefficient

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图 11 不同介质压力下橡胶密封圈的Von Mises应力分布

Figure 11. Von Mises stress distribution of rubber seals under different medium pressures

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图 12 最大Von Mises应力和最大接触应力随介质压力的变化

Figure 12. Variation of maximum Von Mises stress and maximum contact stress with medium pressure

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表 1 不同材料橡胶的C₁₀和C₀₁的值

Table 1. C₁₀ and C₀₁ values for rubber of different materials

橡胶材料	C₀₁/C₁₀的值	C₁₀值	C₀₁值
三元乙丙橡胶	0.042 5	1.279 0	0.054 3
氟橡胶	0.244 0	1.206 0	0.294 0
丁腈橡胶	-0.429 0	2.334 0	-1.000 7

下载: 导出CSV

表 2 不同橡胶材料参数

Table 2. Parameters of different rubber materials

橡胶材料	邵氏硬度值/HA	杨氏弹性模量E/MPa
三元乙丙橡胶	63±2	8
氟橡胶	70±2	9
丁腈橡胶	80±2	13

下载: 导出CSV

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