Study on Cutting Temperature-vibration Correlation of Titanium Alloys and Machining Optimization
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摘要: 钛合金作为"21世纪战略金属"在航空领域应用广泛, 其加工质量至关重要。因此, 对钛合金进行切削加工优化具有重要的研究意义。本文搭建切削温度和切削振动同步测量系统。通过红外热像仪和三向加速度传感器采集车刀尖端附近的温度和振动信号。建立基于切削温度和切削振动多特征融合优化模型, 并运用粒子群优化灰狼算法对多特征融合优化模型进行求解, 获得最优的切削参数。研究表明: 在试验设计的切削参数范围内, 切削参数的最优解为: 切削速度753.98 m/s, 进给速度30 mm/min, 切削深度0.4 mm, 所做研究为优化钛合金加工质量提供理论指导。Abstract: As a "21st century strategic metal", titanium alloy is widely used in the aviation field, and its processing quality is very important. Therefore, it is of great significance to optimize the machining of titanium alloys. In this paper, a synchronous measurement system for cutting temperature and vibration is built. The temperature and vibration signals near the tip of the turning tool are collected by an infrared thermal imager and a three-way acceleration sensor. A multi-feature fusion optimization model based on the cutting temperature and vibration is established, and the particle swarm optimization gray wolf algorithm is used to solve the multi-feature fusion optimization model to obtain the optimal cutting parameters. The study shows that within the range of cutting parameters designed by the experiment, the optimal solution of cutting parameters is 753.98 m/s of cutting speed, 30 mm/min of feed rate, 0.4 mm of cutting depth, and provides a theoretical basis for optimizing the machining quality of titanium alloys.
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表 1 试验方案
Table 1. Test scheme
切削参数 因子等级 1 2 3 4 5 主轴转速n/(r·min-1) 300 400 600 900 70 进给速度vf/(mm·min-1) 30 40 50 60 70 切削深度ap/mm 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 70 表 2 钛合金切削试验数据
Table 2. Titanium alloy cutting test data
序号 v/(mm·s-1) vf/(mm·min-1) ap/mm T/℃ ax, RMS/(mm·s-2) ay, RMS/(mm·s-2) az, RMS/(mm·s-2) ac, RMS/(mm·s-2) Q/(cm3·mm-1) 1 753.98 30 0.1 97.30 0.23 0.24 0.35 0.27 452.39 2 1 005.31 30 0.1 152.96 0.24 0.25 0.39 0.29 452.39 3 1 507.96 30 0.1 142.06 0.25 0.27 0.40 0.31 452.39 4 2 261.95 30 0.1 177.80 0.25 0.26 0.37 0.29 452.39 5 753.98 30 0.2 162.50 0.33 0.32 0.57 0.41 904.78 6 1 005.31 30 0.2 139.27 0.32 0.35 0.61 0.43 904.78 7 1 507.96 30 0.2 172.00 0.32 0.38 0.60 0.44 904.78 8 2 261.95 30 0.2 160.01 0.30 0.36 0.49 0.39 904.78 9 753.98 30 0.3 155.30 0.43 0.37 0.68 0.49 1 357.17 10 1 005.31 30 0.3 165.92 0.39 0.41 0.75 0.52 1 357.17 11 1 507.96 30 0.3 156.08 0.36 0.42 0.72 0.50 1 357.17 12 2 261.95 30 0.3 240.94 0.33 0.41 0.59 0.45 1 357.17 13 753.98 30 0.4 196.66 0.48 0.37 0.65 0.50 1 809.56 14 1 005.31 30 0.4 206.54 0.42 0.41 0.76 0.53 1 809.56 15 1 507.96 30 0.4 240.45 0.37 0.42 0.71 0.50 1 809.56 16 2 261.95 30 0.4 142.70 0.34 0.42 0.62 0.46 1 809.56 17 753.98 40 0.1 118.90 0.19 0.20 0.28 0.22 603.19 18 1 005.31 40 0.1 150.70 0.26 0.28 0.52 0.35 603.19 19 1 507.96 40 0.1 159.00 0.26 0.28 0.51 0.35 603.19 20 2 261.95 40 0.1 163.94 0.23 0.26 0.39 0.29 603.19 21 753.98 40 0.2 169.59 0.44 0.36 0.83 0.54 1 206.37 22 1 005.31 40 0.2 173.27 0.40 0.40 0.88 0.56 1 206.37 23 1 507.96 40 0.2 201.06 0.36 0.40 0.81 0.53 1 206.37 24 2 261.95 40 0.2 238.73 0.33 0.36 0.63 0.44 1 206.37 25 753.98 40 0.3 192.45 0.52 0.37 0.77 0.55 1 809.56 26 1 005.31 40 0.3 206.66 0.46 0.41 0.97 0.61 1 809.56 27 1 507.96 40 0.3 284.70 0.39 0.43 0.93 0.59 1 809.56 28 2 261.95 40 0.3 52.46 0.36 0.41 0.69 0.49 1 809.56 29 753.98 40 0.4 202.06 0.60 0.37 0.64 0.53 2 412.74 30 1 005.31 40 0.4 291.97 0.50 0.38 0.83 0.57 2 412.74 31 1 507.96 40 0.4 339.82 0.39 0.40 0.85 0.55 2 412.74 32 2 261.95 40 0.4 244.86 0.35 0.39 0.71 0.49 2 412.74 33 753.98 50 0.1 107.96 0.33 0.31 0.60 0.41 753.98 34 1 005.31 50 0.1 122.62 0.34 0.36 0.71 0.47 753.98 35 1 507.96 50 0.1 108.98 0.33 0.38 0.68 0.47 753.98 36 2 261.95 50 0.1 266.71 0.32 0.37 0.53 0.41 753.98 37 753.98 50 0.2 187.52 0.50 0.40 0.87 0.59 1 507.96 38 1 005.31 50 0.2 192.92 0.48 0.49 1.23 0.74 1 507.96 39 1 507.96 50 0.2 216.78 0.46 0.58 1.21 0.76 1 507.96 40 2 261.95 50 0.2 324.64 0.43 0.55 0.85 0.61 1 507.96 41 753.98 50 0.3 175.72 0.67 0.46 0.86 0.66 2 261.95 42 1 005.31 50 0.3 167.31 0.56 0.51 1.30 0.79 2 261.95 43 1 507.96 50 0.3 274.00 0.53 0.61 1.55 0.90 2 261.95 44 2 261.95 50 0.3 260.87 0.49 0.64 1.13 0.76 2 261.95 45 753.98 50 0.4 191.21 0.78 0.49 0.74 0.66 3 015.93 46 1 005.31 50 0.4 223.26 0.60 0.48 0.99 0.69 3 015.93 47 1 507.96 50 0.4 319.62 0.48 0.51 1.26 0.75 3 015.93 48 2 261.95 50 0.4 212.73 0.45 0.55 1.11 0.71 3 015.93 49 753.98 60 0.1 98.15 0.34 0.24 0.80 0.46 904.78 50 1 005.31 60 0.1 180.93 0.35 0.30 0.82 0.49 904.78 51 1 507.96 60 0.1 214.77 0.36 0.37 0.93 0.56 904.78 52 2 261.95 60 0.1 223.46 0.34 0.33 0.69 0.45 904.78 53 753.98 60 0.2 208.59 0.45 0.25 0.71 0.47 1 809.56 54 1 005.31 60 0.2 219.61 0.43 0.31 1.11 0.62 1 809.56 55 1 507.96 60 0.2 271.20 0.45 0.44 1.41 0.77 1 809.56 56 2 261.95 60 0.2 303.53 0.44 0.48 1.05 0.66 1 809.56 57 753.98 60 0.3 224.05 0.64 0.38 0.73 0.58 2 714.34 58 1 005.31 60 0.3 254.69 0.56 0.42 1.09 0.69 2 714.34 59 1 507.96 60 0.3 349.00 0.52 0.54 1.54 0.87 2 714.34 60 2 261.95 60 0.3 417.39 0.49 0.48 1.18 0.72 2 714.34 61 753.98 60 0.4 231.94 0.86 0.55 0.85 0.75 3 619.11 62 1 005.31 60 0.4 286.51 0.66 0.52 0.89 0.69 3 619.11 63 1 507.96 60 0.4 302.93 0.62 0.58 1.17 0.79 3 619.11 64 2 261.95 60 0.4 369.65 0.50 0.55 1.14 0.73 3 619.11 65 753.98 70 0.1 215.41 0.32 0.19 0.56 0.36 1 055.58 66 1 005.31 70 0.1 226.25 0.36 0.24 0.78 0.46 1 055.58 67 1 507.96 70 0.1 199.29 0.37 0.29 0.81 0.49 1 055.58 68 2 261.95 70 0.1 317.83 0.33 0.29 0.66 0.43 1 055.58 69 753.98 70 0.2 183.09 0.50 0.23 0.70 0.47 2 111.15 70 1 005.31 70 0.2 241.95 0.53 0.28 1.06 0.62 2 111.15 71 1 507.96 70 0.2 298.62 0.47 0.34 1.49 0.77 2 111.15 72 2 261.95 70 0.2 461.05 0.44 0.39 1.04 0.62 2 111.15 73 753.98 70 0.3 144.41 0.82 0.38 0.93 0.70 3 166.73 74 1 005.31 70 0.3 154.93 0.67 0.44 1.34 0.81 3 166.73 75 1 507.96 70 0.3 151.59 0.66 0.42 1.29 0.79 3 166.73 76 2 261.95 70 0.3 315.56 0.62 0.63 1.52 0.93 3 166.73 77 753.98 70 0.4 352.20 0.83 0.47 0.91 0.73 4 222.30 78 1 005.31 70 0.4 392.31 0.68 0.57 0.94 0.73 4 222.30 79 1 507.96 70 0.4 429.20 0.47 0.92 1.16 0.86 4 222.30 80 2 261.95 70 0.4 337.63 0.57 0.60 1.24 0.81 4 222.30 表 3 切削温度与切削振动的灰色相对关联度
Table 3. Grey correlation degree between cutting temperature and cutting vibration
切削温度均值T 三向切削振动 灰色关联度γ0i 等级 X0 X1 0.93 3 X2 0.86 4 X3 0.98 1 X4 0.97 2 表 4 回归参数和相关系数
Table 4. Regression parameters and correlation coefficients
x1 x2 x3 T ac, RMS Q 753.98 mm/s 30 mm/min 0.4 mm 196.66 ℃ 0.5 mm/s2 1809.56 cm3/mm -
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