Noise Analysis and Optimization Design of Restriction Orifice Plate in Aircraft Air Conditioning Duct
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摘要: 为分析限流孔板在飞机空调管道系统中的噪声特性以及对限流孔板进行降噪优化设计, 本文首先运用CFD方法对含限流孔板的直管进行稳态流场数值计算, 探究气流流经限流孔板的流动状态; 然后基于大涡模拟法和FW-H方程, 对管道进行瞬态流场以及声场计算, 分析限流孔板在飞机驾驶舱监测点的流致噪声特性; 最后, 对比分析不同通流孔径的限流孔板对驾驶舱监测点噪声的影响规律, 从而提出较优的限流孔板低噪声结构设计形式。研究结果表明: 增大通流孔径可提高降噪效果, 但压降性能降低, 限流孔板降噪需结合其压降性能综合考虑。Abstract: To analyze the noise characteristics of restriction orifice in aircraft air conditioning duct system and carry out the noise reduction optimization design of restriction orifice plate, the computational fluid dynamics method is used to calculate the steady flow field of a straight duct with the restrictor orifice at first and explore the flow state of the airflow through the orifice. Then, according to the large eddy simulation method and the Ffowcs Williams and Hawkings(FW-H) equation, the transient flow field and acoustic calculation of the duct are carried out, and the flow-induced noise characteristics of restriction orifice at the aircraft cockpit monitoring point are analyzed. Finally, the effects of restriction orifices with different aperture on the cockpit monitoring points are compared and studied, and a better low-noise structure design form of the orifice plate is proposed. The research results show that increasing the flow aperture can improve the noise reduction effect, but the pressure drop performance is reduced, and the noise reduction of the restriction orifice needs to be considered comprehensively with its pressure drop performance.
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Key words:
- restriction orifice plate /
- CFD method /
- noise characteristics /
- optimization design
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图 3 限流孔板管道截面的压力与速度云图
Figure 3. Pressure and velocity cloud maps of restriction orifice pipe sections
图 4 限流孔板管道轴向压力与速度曲线
Figure 4. Axial pressure and velocity curves of restriction orifice pipe
图 5 含限流孔板的直管道外监测点流动噪声的频响曲线
Figure 5. Frequency response curve of flow noise at monitoring points outside straight pipe with restriction orifice
图 6 监测点在不同限流孔板通流孔径工况下的声压级频响曲线对比
Figure 6. Comparison of sound pressure level frequency response curves at monitoring points under different restriction orifice flow aperture conditions
图 7 各工况下限流孔板管道的轴向压降曲线对比
Figure 7. Comparison of axial pressure drop curves of restriction orifice pipe under various operating conditions
表 1 不同工况的限流孔板通流孔径参数
Table 1. Parameters of restriction orifice through-flow aperture in different operating conditions
工况 通流孔径/mm 初始 20 1 21 2 22 3 23 4 24 5 25 
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表 2 监测点1在各工况下的总声压级及降噪效果对比
Table 2. Comparison of total sound pressure level and noise reduction effect of monitoring point 1 under various operating conditions
工况 总声压级/dB 相对前一工况的降噪效果/dB 相对前一工况的降噪幅度/% 相对初始工况的降噪效果/dB 相对初始工况的降噪幅度/% 初始工况 103.17 - - - - 工况1 95.66 -7.51 7.28 -7.51 7.28 工况2 94.03 -1.63 1.70 -9.14 8.86 工况3 91.51 -2.52 2.68 -11.66 11.30 工况4 88.37 -3.14 3.43 -14.80 14.35 工况5 85.41 -2.96 3.35 -17.75 17.21
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表 3 监测点2在各工况下的总声压级及降噪效果对比
Table 3. Comparison of total sound pressure level and noise reduction effect of monitoring point 2 under various operating conditions
工况 总声压级/dB 相对前一工况的降噪效果/dB 相对前一工况的降噪幅度/% 相对初始工况的降噪效果/dB 相对初始工况的降噪幅度/% 初始工况 101.76 - - - - 工况1 94.30 -7.46 7.33 -7.46 7.33 工况2 92.46 -1.84 1.95 -9.30 9.14 工况3 89.94 -2.52 2.73 -11.82 11.62 工况4 86.87 -3.07 3.41 -14.89 14.63 工况5 84.02 -2.85 3.28 -17.74 17.43
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表 4 各工况的总压降性能对比
Table 4. Comparison of total pressure drop performance in vanous operating condition
工况 总压降/Pa 孔板前后最大压差/Pa 初始工况 10 265 18 060 工况1 7 426 13 699 工况2 5 693 11 248 工况3 4 101 8 520 工况4 2 924 6 305 工况5 2 066 4 554
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