航空发动机铣削叶片抛磨技术研究现状及其发展趋势

李秀红; 王嘉明; 李文辉; 王兴富

doi:10.13433/j.cnki.1003-8728.20220180

航空发动机铣削叶片抛磨技术研究现状及其发展趋势

doi: 10.13433/j.cnki.1003-8728.20220180

李秀红^{1, 3,},
王嘉明^{1, 3},
李文辉^{2, 3},
王兴富^{1, 3}

1.
太原理工大学机械与运载工程学院，太原　030024
2.
太原理工大学航空航天学院，山西榆次　030600
3.
精密加工山西省重点实验室，太原　030024

基金项目: 国家自然科学基金面上项目（51975399，51875389）

详细信息

作者简介:
李秀红（1972−），教授，博士生导师，博士，研究方向为精密零件表面光整加工技术，xhli7489@sina.com

中图分类号: V263
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- 文章访问数: 124
- HTML全文浏览量: 53
- PDF下载量: 22
- 被引次数: 0
出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2021-11-24
- 刊出日期: 2023-12-25

State and Development in Polishing Technology of Aero-engine Milling Blade

LI Xiuhong^{1, 3
,},
WANG Jiaming^{1, 3},
LI Wenhui^{2, 3},
WANG Xingfu^{1, 3}

1.
Taiyuan University of Technology, College of Mechanical and Vehicle Engineering, Taiyuan 030024, China
2.
Taiyuan University of Technology, College of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Yuci 030600, Shanxi, China
3.
Shanxi Key Laboratory of Precision Machining, Taiyuan 030024, China

摘要

摘要: 叶片是航空发动机的核心部件，其苛刻的工况对其加工精度和表面完整性提出了更高要求。针对铣削叶片现有成性技术，阐述了叶片典型结构及抛磨前的表面状态，归纳了叶片抛磨技术关键共性难点。以表面完整性为评价指标，从手工抛磨、砂轮抛磨、砂带抛磨、磨粒流抛磨、柔性工具抛磨、磁力辅助抛磨、滚磨光整加工等方面介绍了航空发动机叶片抛磨的国内外研究进展，对比了各种抛磨技术的优缺点及适用范围。
- 叶片抛磨 /
- 砂轮抛磨 /
- 砂带抛磨 /
- 磨粒流抛磨 /
- 柔性工具抛磨 /
- 磁力辅助抛磨 /
- 滚磨光整加工
Abstract: Blade is the core component of aero engine, and its working conditions put forward the higher requirements for machining accuracy and surface integrity. According to the forming technology of milling blade, the typical structure of blade and the surface state before polishing are expounded, and the key common difficulties of various polishing techniques are summarized. Taking the surface integrity as the evaluation index, from hand-polishing, grinding wheel grinding, grinding, grinding grain flow, flexible tool grinding, magnetic auxiliary grinding, mass finishing, etc. The domestic and foreign research progress of polishing techniques for aero-engine blades is introduced, and the advantages, disadvantages and application scope of various polishing techniques are compared.
- blade polishing /
- wheel polishing /
- abrasive belt polishing /
- abrasive flow polishing /
- flexible grinding head /
- magnetic grinding /
- mass finishing

HTML全文

图 1 航空发动机工作叶片结构图

Figure 1. Structure of working blades for an aircraft engine

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 2 叶片铣削加工后表面状态

Figure 2. Surface state of blades after milling processing

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 3 强化工艺对叶片微观形貌的影响

Figure 3. The effect of strengthening technique on the microstructure of a blade

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 4 砂轮抛磨原理图

Figure 4. The principles of grinding wheel polishing

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 5 数控立式磨床加工后叶片表面情况^[39]

Figure 5. The surface condition of the blade processed with a CNC vertical grinder^[39]

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 6 砂带抛磨原理图

Figure 6. The principles of abrasive belt polishing

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 7 数控砂带磨床加工叶片效果对比^[49]

Figure 7. Comparison of machining effects of blades processed with a CNC abrasive belt grinder^[49]

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 8 磨粒流加工原理图

Figure 8. The principles of abrasive flow processing

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 9 磨粒流抛磨效果^[57]

Figure 9. Griding effect of abrasive flow^[57]

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 10 新型柔性抛磨轮结构示意图^[62]

Figure 10. The structure of a new flexible polishing wheel^[62]

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 11 柔性工具抛磨叶片

Figure 11. Polishing a blades with flexible tools

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 12 超声波磁力研磨装置^[71]

Figure 12. Ultrasonic wave magnetic grinding device^[71]

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 13 滚磨光整加工内涵

Figure 13. Connotation of mass finishing

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图 14 罗斯勒滚磨光整加工设备

Figure 14. Mass finishing equipment of Rossler Company

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图 15 滚磨光整加工叶片厚度变化情况^[26]

Figure 15. The change of blade thickness after mass finishing^[26]

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

表 1 各种抛磨技术分析总结

Table 1. Analysis and summary of various polishing techniques

抛磨技术	优点	缺点	适用范围
手工抛磨	叶片型面特定部位抛磨，实现局部靶向抛磨	抛磨效率及精度低、抛磨效果依靠工人水平、危害工人健康	各类型叶片
砂轮抛磨	高效率、高精度、易于加工叶片前后缘、叶尖等区域	成本高、磨床利用率低、易出现磨烧、过抛等现象、易出现振动进而影响加工精度	风扇叶片、压气机静子叶片、涡轮叶片深窄槽、对裂纹敏感材料的涡轮、涡轮导向器叶片、涡轮盘环等
砂带抛磨	柔性好、易扩展、加工精度高、磨床利用率高	成本高、加工小叶片难度较大、砂带磨损对加工效果影响较大、易出现削边、尖边、平头、偏头等缺陷	各类型叶片，加工小叶片受限
磨粒流抛磨	对复杂曲面及其过渡转角处适应性强、抛磨效率高	夹具通用性差、设计难度高、进排气缘易过抛、加工均匀性差、叶片形状精度难以控制、难以引入残余压应力	叶轮、整体带冠涡轮盘、中小型薄壁叶片、高温叶片气膜孔
柔性工具抛磨	柔性好、易扩展、加工精度高	成本高、抛磨效率低、加工难度大	可加工各尺寸大小的叶片，也可加工整体叶盘等
磁力研磨技术	加工精度高、对复杂曲面适应性好	研磨压力难以控制、抛磨效率低、抛磨难度大、磁粒飞溅、难以引入残余压应力	尺寸较小的各类型叶片、小型整体叶盘等
滚磨光整加工技术	通用性高，加工范围广、滚抛磨块使用寿命长、抛磨效率高、成本低	进排气缘易过抛、叶片榫头转接处抛磨效果差、叶片形状精度难以控制	可加工各尺寸大小的叶片，也可加工整体叶盘等，加工范围广

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