微型电动车小偏置碰撞下约束系统参数的匹配研究

郝琪; 崔宏伟; 刘正午; 梅佳炜

doi:10.13433/j.cnki.1003-8728.20220174

微型电动车小偏置碰撞下约束系统参数的匹配研究

doi: 10.13433/j.cnki.1003-8728.20220174

湖北汽车工业学院汽车工程学院，湖北十堰　442002

基金项目: 国家自然科学基金项目（11502075）、湖北省重点实验室创新基金项目（2015XTZX0418）及湖北省揭榜制项目（2023BEB047）

详细信息

作者简介:
郝琪，（1973−），教授，硕士生导师，研究方向为汽车被动安全以及汽车轻量化设计，1293169789@qq.com

中图分类号: U491.6 + 1
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出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2021-11-01
- 刊出日期: 2023-12-25

Parameters Matching of Restraint System for Mini Electric Vehicles Under Small Offset Collision

School of Automotive Engineering, Hubei University of Automotive Technology, Shiyan 442002, Hubei, China

摘要

摘要: 根据某微型电动汽车的实验对标整车模型，建立有效的简易约束系统模型，研究64 km/h小偏置碰的乘员动态响应及约束系统输入条件。通过对约束系统中侧气帘质量流缩放率、安全气囊点火时间及安全带限力峰值等7个相关参数进行单变量乘员伤害分析，确定在小偏置碰撞下约束系统4个主要影响因素。设计四因素九水平的正交试验，计算约束系统不同匹配参数对乘员加权伤害指标（WIC）以及乘员头部、颈部、胸部、腿部等的影响等级，结合等级极差比参数给出小偏置碰约束系统调整及匹配建议。并进一步构建约束系统参数与WIC的高阶多项式代理模型，确定了约束系统的最优组合解。结果表明头部损伤指标 HIC₁₅降低了64%，整体加权综合损伤 WIC 值降低56%。
- 小偏置碰 /
- 约束系统 /
- 正交试验 /
- 代理模型
Abstract: According to the standard vehicle model of a mini electric vehicle, an effective simple restraint system model is established to study the occupant dynamic response and restraint system input conditions of 64km/h small offset collision. Through univariate driver injury analysis on 7 related parameters of the restraint system, such as the side air curtain mass flow scaling rate, the ignition time of the airbag and the peak limit force of the seat belt, the four main influencing factors of the restraint system under a small offset collision are determined. A four-factor and nine-level orthogonal experiment is designed; The impact of different matching parameters of the restraint system on the weighted injury index (WIC) of the occupant and the occupant's head, neck, chest, legs, etc. is calculated; Combined with the range ratio parameter, a small deviation advice on adjustment and matching of the collision restraint system is given. Furthermore, constructing a high-order polynomial surrogate model of the constraint system parameters and WIC, and the optimal combination solution of the constraint system is determined. The results showed that the head injury index HIC was reduced by 64%, and the overall weighted comprehensive injury WIC value was reduced by 56%.
- small offset impact /
- restraint systems /
- orthogonal test /
- surrogate model

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图 1 驾驶室约束系统模型

Figure 1. Cab restraint system model

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图 2 头部加速度曲线对比

Figure 2. Comparison of head acceleration curves

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图 3 小偏置碰撞试验仿真

Figure 3. Simulation of small offset impact test

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图 4 整车运动特性

Figure 4. Characteristics of whole vehicle motion

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图 5 小偏置碰撞中假人头部状态图

Figure 5. Dummy head condition for small offset impact

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图 6 头部加速度

Figure 6. Curves of head acceleration

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图 7 设计参数对乘员身体部位损伤以及加权综合损伤WIC的极值图

Figure 7. Extreme values of design parameters on occupant body part injury and WIC

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表 1 乘员头、胸部评价指标

Table 1. Evaluation indexes of head and chest of a passenger

指标	简化模型	整车模型	误差/%
头部伤害指标HIC₃₆	656.05	624.45	4.82
胸部3 ms合成加速度C₃/g	59.04	55.76	5.55

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表 2 正碰与小偏置碰的假人损伤值

Table 2. Dummy Damage Values for Frontal Impact and Small Offset Impact

评价指标	50 km/h正碰	64 km/h小偏置碰	增加百分比/%
头部伤害指数HIC	624.45	1 964	214.6
颈部拉伸力F_Z/kN	3.69	5.17	40.1
胸部3 ms合成加速度C₃/g	55.76	63.92	14.6
胸骨变形量D/mm	49.88	55.29	10.8
左大腿轴向压力F_L/kN	3.17	13.84	336.6
右大腿轴向压力F_R/kN	5.06	8.99	77.7
加权伤害指标WIC	0.67	1.57	134.3

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表 3 参数的取值范围

Table 3. Value ranges of parameters

设计参数	初始值	取值范围
a　侧气帘气体质量流量缩放率	1	1~3.7
b　气囊气体质量流量缩放率	1	1~1.5
c　气囊点火时刻/ms	10	10~30
d　气囊排气孔直径/mm	30	18-36
e　安全带限力峰值/kN	8	1.5~10
f　安全带起作用时间/ms	5	0~10
g　安全带拉出量/mm	10	3-30

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表 4 正交试验表L₈₁（9⁴）

Table 4. Orthogonal test L₈₁ (9⁴)

组序	X₁	X₂	X₃/kN	X₄/ms	WIC
1	1	1.13	8	12	0.99
2	1	1.34	2.5	16	0.93
$\vdots $	$\vdots $	$\vdots $	$\vdots $	$\vdots $	$\vdots $
80	3.7	1.34	10	10	0.76
81	3.7	1.23	2	14	0.70

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表 5 头部HIC₁₅极差分析

Table 5. Range analysis of the head HIC₁₅

K_j	X₁	X₂	X₃/kN	X₄/ms
K₁	17882	16207	16505	15431
$\vdots $	$\vdots $	$\vdots $	$\vdots $	$\vdots $
K₉	1105	14729	15494	17442
R	6928	1478	2062	3518

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表 6 颈部N_ij极差分析

Table 6. Range analysis of the neck N_ij

K_j	X₁	X₂	X₃/kN	X₄/ms
K₁	29.32	13.77	14.06	16.58
$\vdots $	$\vdots $	$\vdots $	$\vdots $	$\vdots $
K₉	6.59	8.24	13.5	13.79
R	23.29	5.53	5.69	8.74

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表 7 颈部压缩力极差分析

Table 7. Range analysis of the compression force on the neck

K_j	X₁	X₂	X₃/kN	X₄/ms
K₁	126	51.72	54.4	68.94
$\vdots $	$\vdots $	$\vdots $	$\vdots $	$\vdots $
K₉	22	32.33	55.65	54.39
R	107	19.39	24.3	38.61

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表 8 颈部拉伸力极差分析

Table 8. Range analysis of the tensile force of the neck

K_j	X₁	X₂	X₃/kN	X₄/ms
K₁	33.34	33.66	33.53	31.68
$\vdots $	$\vdots $	$\vdots $	$\vdots $	$\vdots $
R	7.99	2.78	2.38	2.44

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表 9 胸部3 ms合成加速度极差分析

Table 9. Range analysis of the chest C_3ms

K_j	X₁	X₂	X₃/kN	X₄/ms
K₁	762	757	751	748
$\vdots $	$\vdots $	$\vdots $	$\vdots $	$\vdots $
K₉	747	7416	750	748
R	166.9	16.53	6.8	15.9

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表 10 胸骨变形量极差分析

Table 10. Range analysis of sternum deformation

K_j	X₁	X₂	X₃/kN	X₄/ms
K₁	416	312	351	351
$\vdots $	$\vdots $	$\vdots $	$\vdots $	$\vdots $
K₉	251	366	329	329
R	191	53	43	43

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表 11 右KTH极差分析

Table 11. Range analysis of right KTH

K_j	X₁	X₂	X₃/kN	X₄/ms
K₁	1.83	4.01	4.52	5.58
$\vdots $	$\vdots $	$\vdots $	$\vdots $	$\vdots $
K₉	5.80	4.76	2.67	4.59
R	5.03	1.95	3.42	2.60

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表 12 左KTH极差分析

Table 12. Range analysis of left KTH

K_j	X₁	X₂	X₃/kN	X₄/ms
K₁	0.79	3.26	2.83	2.58
$\vdots $	$\vdots $	$\vdots $	$\vdots $	$\vdots $
K₉	6.03	2.96	2.59	2.47
R	5.39	1.45	1.08	1.40

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表 13 右胫骨轴向力极差分析

Table 13. Range analysis of axial force of right tibia

K_j	X₁	X₂	X₃/kN	X₄/ms
K₁	185	199	210	215
$\vdots $	$\vdots $	$\vdots $	$\vdots $	$\vdots $
K₉	214	197	202	214
R	48	22	24	26

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表 14 左胫骨轴向力极差分析

Table 14. Range analysis of axial force of left tibia

K_j	X₁	X₂	X₃/kN	X₄/ms
K₁	221	218.61	241.23	255.52
$\vdots $	$\vdots $	$\vdots $	$\vdots $	$\vdots $
K₉	218	240.06	247.07	226.5
R	148	43.59	38.75	59.95

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表 15 WIC极差分析

Table 15. Range analysis of WIC

K_j	X₁	X₂	X₃/kN	X₄/ms
K₁	9.01	9.14	9.52	8.81
$\vdots $	$\vdots $	$\vdots $	$\vdots $	$\vdots $
K₉	7.21	9.10	9.08	9.76
R	3.03	0.46	0.53	1.01

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表 16 正碰与小偏置碰约束系统参数值

Table 16. Frontal impact and small offset impact restraint system parameter value

名称	X₁	X₂	X₃/kN	X₄/ms
正面碰撞	-	1	2.5	12
小偏置碰撞	3.33	1.29	6.5	14.5

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表 17 小偏置碰撞假人损伤值对比

Table 17. Comparison of damage values of dummies in small offset impact

名称	WIC	HIC₁₅	F_Z/kN	C₃/g	D/mm	F_L/kN	F_R/kN
法规下限	-	840	4	90	75	8	8
优化前	1.57	1964	5.17	63.92	55	14	9
优化后	0.78	706	2.68	72.78	47	4	6.65
优化率	56%	64%	48%	+ 14%	15%	71%	26%

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