Prediction of Wheel Tread Wear of High Speed Vehicles and Analysis of Influence of System Parameters
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摘要: 为了进一步探究车轮踏面磨损规律及关键影响因素, 结合UM和MATLAB建立包含车辆-轨道耦合动力学模型、轮轨局部接触模型、磨耗计算模型的车轮踏面磨耗预测模型。根据实际线路特点布置线路工况, 预测车轮踏面磨耗演变规律, 选取车辆和轨道参数, 计算分析所选参数对踏面磨耗演变过程的影响。结果表明: 车轮踏面磨耗主要分布在名义滚动圆两侧, 随运营里程增加, 磨耗量近线性增长, 等效锥度增大但随轮对横移异常波动, 轮轨接触区域向车轮外侧区域扩展但接触区域逐渐局部化; 转臂定位节点纵向刚度越大, 磨耗分布越宽, 磨耗深度越大; 转向架轴距主要影响曲线通过时的车轮磨耗发展; 轨道不平顺是影响车轮磨耗的重要因素, 钢轨打磨和轮轨型面优化是减缓车轮磨耗的有效措施。Abstract: In order to further explore the law of wheel tread wear and its key influencing factors, a wheel tread wear prediction model is established by combining UM and MATLAB, which includes vehicle-track coupled dynamic model, wheel-rail local contact model and wear calculation model. The working condition of the line is arranged according to the characteristics of the actual line, and the evolution law of wheel tread wear is predicted. The vehicle and track parameters are selected to calculate and analyze the influence of the selected parameters on the evolution process of wheel tread wear. The simulation results show that the wheel tread wear is mainly distributed on both sides of the nominal rolling circle. With the increase of operating mileage, the wear amount increases almost linearly. The equivalent taper increases but fluctuates abnormally with the lateral shift of the wheelset. The wheel-rail contact area extends to the outer wheel area but the contact area is gradually localized. The greater the longitudinal stiffness of the pivot arm positioning node, the wider the wear distribution and the greater the wear depth. The wheelbase of the bogie mainly affects the development of wheel wear when the curve passes. Track irregularity is an important factor affecting wheel wear. Rail grinding and wheel-rail profile optimization are effective measures to reduce wheel tread wear.
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Key words:
- high-speed vehicle /
- tread wear /
- dynamic model /
- wheel-rail contact /
- smoothing treatment
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表 2 车辆模型参数
参数 数值 车体质量 38 884 kg 车辆定距 18 m 构架质量 2 200 kg 轮对质量 1 517 kg 名义滚动圆横向跨距 1 500 mm 名义滚动圆直径 920 mm 
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表 3 线路参数设置
半径/m 超高/mm 缓和曲线/m 圆曲线/m 占比/% 直线 - - - 60 12 000 80 220 480 1 9 000 100 300 320 7 8 000 120 340 250 8 7 000 145 360 210 10 5 500 165 360 210 7 5 000 185 360 210 7
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表 4 计算与实测磨耗结果对比
运行里程/104 km 踏面磨耗量/mm 实测 仿真 26.5 0.61 0.65 31.0 0.72 0.75 35.2 0.82 0.71 40.3 0.94 1.07
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表 5 轨道不平顺对车轮磨耗仿真工况及结果
序号 高低不平顺变化因数 水平不平顺变化因数 磨耗量/mm 1 0.5 1 0.026 9 2 1 1 0.037 9 3 1.5 1 0.063 4 4 1 0.5 0.038 2 5 1 1.5 0.039 1 6 0.5 0.5 0.027 0 7 1.5 1.5 0.064 3
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