Study on Adaptive Machining Method for Large Marine Propeller
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摘要: 针对具有自由曲面的大型船用螺旋桨铸造毛坯表面体积大,加工余量大,加工耗时长的问题,结合五轴铣磨复合加工机床提出了一种基于三维扫描的螺旋桨余量自适应加工方法。首先,利用三维扫描仪获得螺旋桨扫描数据,并利用算法进行理论模型与扫描数据的对比;然后,对匹配后的模型进行余量提取,依据模型余量规划螺旋桨加工轨迹线,并应用于螺旋桨叶片铣磨复合加工算法;最后,依据加工理论进行了螺旋桨加工实验并进行了检验。Abstract: Aiming at the large surface volume, large machining allowance and long processing time of large marine propeller casting blank with free-form surface, an adaptive machining method of the propeller allowance based on 3D scanning is proposed by combining the five-axis milling and the grinding compound machine tool. Firstly, a 3D scanner is used to obtain propeller scanning data, and the algorithm is used to compare the model with the scanning data. Then, the machining allowance is extracted after model matching. And the propeller machining trajectory is planned based on the machining allowance distribution, which is also applied to the algorithm of propeller milling and grinding compound machining. Finally, the propeller machining experiment is carried out based on the machining theory.
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Key words:
- propellers /
- adaptive algorithms /
- process planning
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表 1 各轴运动范围
各轴范围 上限 下限 定位精度 重复定位精度 X轴行程/mm 70 1 480 0.036 0.025 Z轴行程/mm -150 1 870 0.036 0.025 A角范围/(°) -60 60 0.017 0.008 B角范围/(°) -24 24 0.017 0.008 C角范围/(°) -360 360 0.017 0.008 表 2 各刀触点对应余量分布表
Xi Yi Zi Mi 1 164.003 88 204.838 318 1.478 206 4.143 1 163.407 96 203.890 611 4.640 286 4.432 1 162.788 68 202.941 366 7.794 969 4.347 1 162.146 17 201.990 784 10.942 085 4.557 1 161.480 54 201.039 066 14.081 461 4.492 1 160.791 93 200.086 413 17.212 927 4.428 1 160.080 47 199.133 026 20.336 309 4.566 1 159.346 29 198.179 097 23.451 435 4.593 ⋮ ⋮ ⋮ ⋮ 表 3 各工序加工参数
工序 刀具类型 刀具规格/mm 刀具进给速度/(mm·min-1) 铣削 盘铣刀 250×10 50 粗磨 砂带 350×50 300 精磨 砂带 350×30 450 表 4 检测结果
检测项目 技术指标 检测结果 尺寸偏差/mm ±1.0 0.14~0.83 表面粗糙度Ra/μm 0.8 0.32~0.74 -
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