FDM快速成型工艺参数的分析与优化研究

冯建军; 梁宏斌; 于阳

doi:10.13433/j.cnki.1003-8728.20180235

FDM快速成型工艺参数的分析与优化研究

doi: 10.13433/j.cnki.1003-8728.20180235

辽宁科技大学机械工程与自动化学院, 辽宁鞍山 114051

基金项目:

辽宁省自然科学基金项目 2015020128

详细信息

作者简介:
冯建军(1992-), 硕士研究生, 研究方向为数控技术、现代制造技术, 15242146001@163.com

通讯作者:
梁宏斌, 教授, 博士, lianghb@hit.edu.cn

中图分类号: TH16
计量
- 文章访问数: 514
- HTML全文浏览量: 163
- PDF下载量: 58
- 被引次数: 0
出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2018-07-04
- 刊出日期: 2019-05-05

Analysis and Optimization of Processing Parameters in FDM Rapid Prototyping

School of Mechanical Engineering and Automation, University of Science and Technology LiaoNing, Liaoning Anshan 114051, China

摘要

摘要: 针对快速成型工件尺寸精度差的问题，对分层厚度、扫描速度、喷头温度、填充线宽这4个因子进行正交试验研究，结合信噪比响应，通过极差法和方差分析法确定成型件在X、Y、Z方向尺寸精度的最优因子水平组合以及各影响因子的显著性，根据多元回归分析建立单目标参数优方案预测的数学模型。试验证明，此工艺参数的优化组合可以有效的提高成型件的尺寸精度，而且优方案预测数学模型的建立也极大的提高了生产效率，对用户合理地选取工艺参数提供了极大的帮助。
- FDM /
- 信噪比 /
- 正交试验 /
- 尺寸精度
Abstract: Aiming at the poor dimensional accuracy of the rapid prototyping workpiece, the four factors of stratification thickness, scanning speed, nozzle temperature and filling line width with the orthogonal test are studied. Combing the ratio response of signal to noise, the combinatorial optimization and the significance of the influencing factors are determined in the three directions of the dimension accuracy of the molded parts by means of the range method and variance analysis method. According to the multiple regression analysis, the model for predicting the single objective parameter optimal scheme is established. The experiments show that the optimal combination of the processing parameters can effectively improve the dimensional accuracy of the molded parts, and the establishment of the model for predicting the optimal scheme greatly improves the production efficiency. It provides a great help for selecting the processing parameters reasonably
- FDM /
- ratio of signal to noise /
- orthogonal experiment /
- dimensional accuracy

HTML全文

图 1 试验平台

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 2 零件模型

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 3 预测值与实际值的柱状图比较

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

表 1 各因素水平取值

影响因子	水平1	水平2	水平3
分层厚度A/mm	0.2	0.25	0.3
扫描速度B/(mm·s^-1)	40	45	50
喷头温度C/℃	200	210	220
填充线宽D/mm	1.73	1.75	1.77

下载: 导出CSV

表 2 有交互作用的四因素三水平正交试验

因子	A	B	e	e	C	(B×D)₂	e	(B×C)₁	D	e	(B×C)₂	(B×D)₁	e
试验号	1	2	3	4	5	6	7	8	9	10	11	12	13
1	0.20	40			200				1.73
2	0.20	40			210				1.75
3	0.20	40			220				1.77
4	0.20	45			200				1.75
5	0.20	45			210				1.77
6	0.20	45			220				1.73
7	0.20	50			200				1.77
8	0.20	50			210				1.73
9	0.20	50			220				1.75
10	0.25	40			200				1.75
11	0.25	40			210				1.77
12	0.25	40			220				1.73
13	0.25	45			200				1.77
14	0.25	45			210				1.73
15	0.25	45			220				1.75
16	0.25	50			200				1.73
17	0.25	50			210				1.75
18	0.25	50			220				1.77
19	0.30	40			200				1.77
20	0.30	40			210				1.73
21	0.30	40			220				1.75
22	0.30	45			200				1.73
23	0.30	45			210				1.75
24	0.30	45			220				1.77
25	0.30	50			200				1.75
26	0.30	50			210				1.77
27	0.30	50			220				1.73

下载: 导出CSV

表 3 尺寸误差及信噪比

因子	X方向	Y方向	Z方向	S/N	S/N	S/N
试验号	ΔX	ΔY	ΔZ	X	Y	Z
1	0.045	0.059	0.121	26.936	24.583	18.344
2	0.042	0.055	0.185	27.535	25.193	14.657
3	0.016	0.027	0.168	35.918	31.373	15.494
4	0.045	0.114	0.163	26.936	18.862	15.756
5	0.043	0.139	0.138	27.331	17.140	17.202
6	0.059	0.137	0.167	24.583	17.266	15.546
7	0.011	0.079	0.188	39.172	22.047	14.517
8	0.051	0.119	0.189	25.849	18.489	14.471
9	0.105	0.093	0.184	19.576	20.630	14.704
10	0.101	0.126	0.103	19.914	17.993	19.743
11	0.055	0.048	0.126	25.193	26.375	17.993
12	0.071	0.101	0.136	22.975	19.914	17.329
13	0.065	0.021	0.189	23.742	33.556	14.471
14	0.017	0.076	0.211	35.391	22.384	13.514
15	0.051	0.080	0.166	25.849	21.938	15.598
16	0.062	0.062	0.162	24.152	24.152	15.810
17	0.015	0.050	0.181	36.478	26.021	14.846
18	0.006	0.037	0.137	44.437	28.636	17.266
19	0.069	0.061	0.216	23.223	24.293	13.311
20	0.025	0.107	0.286	32.041	19.412	10.873
21	0.113	0.083	0.189	18.938	21.618	14.471
22	0.131	0.117	0.238	17.655	18.636	12.468
23	0.089	0.078	0.156	21.012	22.158	16.138
24	0.091	0.070	0.197	20.819	23.098	14.111
25	0.067	0.073	0.103	23.479	22.734	19.743
26	0.059	0.049	0.198	24.583	26.196	14.067
27	0.019	0.091	0.092	34.425	20.819	20.724

下载: 导出CSV

表 4 信噪比响应

	因子	A	B	e	e	C	(B×D)₂	e	(B×C)₁	D	e	(B×C)₂	(B×D)₁	e
X方向	K₁	253.8	232.7	254.9	257.9	225.2	263.9	264.3	228.2	244.0	234.2	243.5	233.4	210.2
	K₂	258.1	223.3	229.4	258.1	255.4	222.7	238.3	251.5	219.7	225.2	242.8	252.2	253.1
	K₃	216.2	272.2	243.8	212.2	247.5	241.5	225.5	248.4	264.4	268.8	233.1	242.6	264.8
	极差R	37.66	48.83	25.52	45.96	22.31	18.79	25.96	23.31	20.41	34.61	10.45	18.83	54.57
	因素主次				B	A	(B×C)₁	C	D	(B×C)₂	(B×D)₁	(B×D)₂
Y方向	K₁	195.6	210.8	223.8	228.8	215.6	203.7	205.8	199.9	185.7	215.4	198.6	207.1	201.3
	K₂	221.0	195.0	187.3	197.4	203.4	202.1	197.0	212.1	197.1	204.7	202.2	200.0
	K₃	199.0	209.7	204.4	189.3	205.3	209.7	212.7	203.5	232.7	195.4	214.7	208.5	203.0
	极差R	25.39	15.72	36.55	39.43	12.19	7.65	15.76	12.24	47.06	20.04	16.03	8.49	10.00
	因素主次				D	A	B	(B×C)₁	C	(B×C)₂	(B×D)₁	(B×D)₂
Z方向	K₁	140.7	142.2	139.1	146.6	144.2	139.9	144.3	140.0	139.1	148.4	141.2	141.6	140.7
	K₂	146.6	134.8	158.1	135.1	133.8	145.7	142.0	138.9	145.7	133.3	138.8	136.2	141.5
	K₃	135.9	146.1	125.9	141.5	145.2	137.6	136.8	144.2	138.4	141.5	133.4	145.3	141.0
	极差R	10.66	11.34	32.18	11.53	11.48	8.04	7.43	5.31	7.23	15.18	7.84	9.05	0.88
	因素主次				C	B	A	(B×D)₂	(B×C)₂	D	(B×C)₁	(B×D)₁

下载: 导出CSV

表 5 X方向因素B、C水平搭配表

因素	B₁	B₂	B₃
C₁	23.357	22.777	28.934
C₂	28.265	27.911	28.970
C₃	25.944	23.750	32.813

下载: 导出CSV

表 6 Y方向因素B、C水平搭配表

因素	B₁	B₂	B₃
C₁	22.290	23.685	22.978
C₂	23.660	20.561	23.569
C₃	24.302	20.767	23.362

下载: 导出CSV

表 7 Z方向因素B、D水平搭配表

因素	B₁	B₂	B₃
D₁	15.512	13.843	17.002
D₂	16.290	15.831	16.431
D₃	15.599	15.261	15.283

下载: 导出CSV

表 8 X方向方差分析表

来源	平方和	自由度	均方	F值	临界值F_α	显著性
A	118.404	2	59.202	2.125	F_0.10(2, 10)=2.92	*
B	248.987	2	124.493	4.468	F_0.25(2, 10)=1.60	**
C	54.537	2	27.269	0.979	F_0.10(4, 10)=2.61
D	57.174	2	28.587	1.026	F_0.25(4, 10)=1.59
B×C	218.809	4	54.702	1.963		*
B×D	114.421	4	28.605	1.027
误差	278.627	10	27.863
总和	1090.958	26

下载: 导出CSV

表 9 Y方向方差分析表

来源	平方和	自由度	均方	F值	临界值F_α	显著性
A	190.532	2	95.266	4.465	F_0.10(2, 10)=2.92	***
B	157.994	2	78.997	3.703	F_0.05(2, 10)=4.10	**
C	46.410	2	23.205	1.088	F_0.025(2, 10)=5.46
D	216.724	2	108.362	5.079	F_0.10(4, 10)=2.61	***
B×C	262.409	4	65.602	2.550
B×D	8.210	4	2.052	0.096
误差	213.351	10	21.335
总和	1095.630	26

下载: 导出CSV

表 10 Z方向方差分析表

来源	平方和	自由度	均方	F值	临界值F_α	显著性
A	54.947	2	27.473	3.364	F_0.10(2, 10)=2.92	**
B	62.046	2	31.023	1.976	F_0.05(2, 10)=4.10
C	68.828	2	34.414	4.214	F_0.10(4, 10)=2.61	***
D	3.551	2	1.775	0.217
B×C	19.707	4	4.927	0.603
B×D	103.834	4	25.958	3.179		**
误差	81.657	10	8.166
总和	394.569	26

下载: 导出CSV

表 11 实验结果

因素	X		Y		Z
因素	水平	取值	水平	取值	水平	取值
A	2	0.25 mm	2	0.25 mm	2	0.25 mm
B	3	50 mm/s	1	40 mm/s	3	50 mm/s
C	3	220 ℃	3	220 ℃	3	220 ℃
D	3	1.77 mm	3	1.77 mm	1	1.73 mm
显著因子	B>A>B×C		D>A>B		C>A>B×D
最优组合	A₂B₃C₃D₃		A₂B₁C₃D₃		A₂B₃C₃D₁

下载: 导出CSV

参考文献(15)

[1]	赵淑霞, 杨伟民.熔融沉积快速成型的支撑优化工艺方法研究[J].机械设计与制造, 2016, (6):107-110 doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1001-3997.2016.06.030 Zhao S X, Yang W M. Research on optimization of process parameters for support structure in the FDM process[J]. Machinery Design & Manufacture, 2016, (6):107-110(in Chinese) doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1001-3997.2016.06.030
[2]	武向南, 王智, 吴伟, 等.基于熔融挤压快速成型加工的应用研究[J].广东化工, 2015, 42(20):197-198 doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1007-1865.2015.20.111 Wu X N, Wang Z, Wu W, et al. Based on fused deposition modeling application research[J]. Guangdong Chemical Industry, 2015, 42(20):197-198(in Chinese) doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1007-1865.2015.20.111
[3]	杨民青.快速制造:一种新的"战略技术"[J].机械工程师, 2011, (8):5-6 doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1002-2333.2011.08.002 Yang M Q. Rapid manufacturing:a new "strategic technology"[J]. Mechanical Engineer, 2011, (8):5-6(in Chinese) doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1002-2333.2011.08.002
[4]	李成.基于FDM工艺的双喷头设备开发及工艺参数研究[D].南京: 南京师范大学, 2014 http://cdmd.cnki.com.cn/Article/CDMD-10319-1014340688.htm Li C. Development of dual nozzle equipment and process parameters based on FDM technology[D]. Nanjing: Nanjing Normal University, 2014(in Chinese) http://cdmd.cnki.com.cn/Article/CDMD-10319-1014340688.htm
[5]	肖亮, 马训鸣, 要义勇, 等.3D打印喷头的热力学分析与结构优化设计[J].机械制造, 2014, 52(7):15-18 doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-4998.2014.07.005 Xiao L, Ma X M, Yao Y Y, et al. 3D print nozzle thermodynamic analysis and structural optimization design[J]. Machinery, 2014, 52(7):15-18(in Chinese) doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-4998.2014.07.005
[6]	穆存远, 宋祥波.快速成型台阶误差分析及其降低措施[J].机械设计与制造, 2011, (4):228-229 doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1001-3997.2011.04.088 Mu C Y, Song X B. Step error analysis and its reduce measures for rapid prototyping[J]. Machinery Design & Manufacture, 2011, (4):228-229(in Chinese) doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1001-3997.2011.04.088
[7]	陈勇, 黄筱调, 袁鸿, 等.熔融沉积成型工艺参数优化研究[J].现代制造工程, 2016, (11):73-78, 83 http://d.old.wanfangdata.com.cn/Periodical/jxgys201611015 Chen Y, Huang X D, Yuan H, et al. FDM technical parameters optimization research[J]. Modern Manufacturing Engineering, 2016, (11):73-78, 83(in Chinese) http://d.old.wanfangdata.com.cn/Periodical/jxgys201611015
[8]	彭安华, 王智明.基于灰关联度分析的FDM工艺参数优化研究[J].机械科学与技术, 2010, 29(5):625-629 http://www.wanfangdata.com.cn/details/detail.do?_type=perio&id=jxkxyjs201005015 Peng A H, Wang Z M. Optimization of process parameters in fused deposition modeling (FDM) based on degree of grey incidence[J]. Mechanical Science and Technology for Aerospace Engineering, 2010, 29(5):625-629(in Chinese) http://www.wanfangdata.com.cn/details/detail.do?_type=perio&id=jxkxyjs201005015
[9]	邬宗鹏, 杨琦, 张卉, 等.FDM制品精度主要工艺参数的试验分析[J].装备制造技术, 2017, (10):66-68 doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1672-545X.2017.10.020 Wu Z P, Yang Q, Zhang H, et al. Experimental analysis on main process parameters of FDM products[J]. Equipment Manufacturing Technology, 2017, (10):66-68(in Chinese) doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1672-545X.2017.10.020
[10]	高善平.FDM快速成型精度及其影响因素分析[J].机电信息, 2015, (36):97-98 doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1671-0797.2015.36.056 Gao S P. FDM rapid prototyping accuracy and its influencing factors[J]. Mechanical and Electrical Information, 2015, (36):97-98(in Chinese) doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1671-0797.2015.36.056
[11]	刘明磊.正交试验设计中的方差分析[D].哈尔滨: 东北林业大学, 2011 http://cdmd.cnki.com.cn/Article/CDMD-10225-1011146272.htm Liu M L. Variance analysis of orthogonal experimental design[D]. Harbin: Northeast Forestry University, 2011(in Chinese) http://cdmd.cnki.com.cn/Article/CDMD-10225-1011146272.htm
[12]	王更新, 韩之俊.望大特性与望小特性的质量损失与信噪比的关系[J].机械科学与技术, 2000, 19(2):236-238 http://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTotal-JXKX200002021.htm Wang G X, Han Z J. Relationship between SN ratio and quality loss of product in case of LTB and STB[J]. Mechanical Science and Technology for Aerospace Engineering, 2000, 19(2):236-238(in Chinese) http://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTotal-JXKX200002021.htm
[13]	田口玄一.信噪比(SN比)与动态特性[J].魏锡禄, 译.数理统计与管理, 1983, (4): 21-24 http://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTotal-SLTJ198304006.htm Taguchi G. Signal to noise ratio (SN ratio) and dynamic characteristics[J]. Wei X L, trans. Mathematical Statistics and Management, 1983, (4): 21-24(in Chinese) http://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTotal-SLTJ198304006.htm
[14]	李云雁, 胡传荣.试验设计与数据处理[M].2版.北京:化学工业出版社, 2008 Li Y Y, Hu C R. Experiment design and date processing[M]. 2nd ed. Beijing:Chemical Industry Press, 2008(in Chinese)
[15]	Kim B M, Kim J W, Moon I D, et al. Optimal combination of design parameters for improving the kinematics characteristics of a midsize truck through design of experiment[J]. Journal of Mechanical Science and Technology, 2014, 28(3):963-969 doi: 10.1007/s12206-013-1167-7