针对耳机定制设计的人耳甲腔曲面形态层级聚类算法研究与应用

摘要: 为实现耳机大规模定制设计且满足用户使用舒适性需求的目标，提出人耳甲腔网格曲面自动重构的方法。将310个样本的耳甲腔网格曲面均重构为由795个型值点组成的NURBS曲面；进一步提出耳甲腔曲面形态层级聚类改进算法，并通过与传统分类算法结果的对比，论证改进算法的优势；其次依据分类的结果将人耳甲腔曲面形态分为29组别，从而构建针对耳机设计的耳甲腔共性特征曲面形态数据库，并通过曲面误差分析论证了数据库的可靠性；最终对耳机进行定制设计，提出基于有限元仿真分析的耳机佩戴舒适度的客观评价方法。
- 耳甲腔 /
- 曲面重构 /
- 层级聚类算法 /
- 有限元分析 /
- 舒适度评价
Abstract: In order to realize the mass customization of wearable earphones, this paper firstly proposes a conchal mesh surface automatic reconstruction method and reconstructs the mesh surface of 310 samples into NURBS which consists of 795 points. Secondly, an improved hierarchical clustering algorithm for the conchal morphology is proposed, and the advantages of the algorithm are verified. Thirdly, the auricular conchal morphology is divided into 29 groups according to the algorithm, and the database of auricular conchal morphology for earphone design is constructed, and then the reliability of the database is verified. Finally, the earphones are customization-designed, and an objective fit evaluation method for earphone is proposed, which based on finite element simulation analysis.
- auricular concha /
- surface reconstruction /
- hierarchical clustering algorithm /
- finite element analysis /
- customization design

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图 1 耳甲腔特征轮廓线的提取

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图 2 耳甲腔网格曲面——NURBS曲面重构的步骤

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图 3 耳甲腔网格曲面——NURBS曲面重构的误差

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图 4 传统层级聚类算法树状图

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图 5 人耳甲腔曲面形态层级聚类改进算法树状图

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图 6 聚类组中所有样本点P_j的分布示例

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图 7 针对耳机设计的耳甲腔曲面形态数据库(前视图)

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图 8 针对耳机设计的耳甲腔曲面形态数据库(后视图)

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图 9 耳甲腔曲面形态误差分析结果对比

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图 10 利用医学MRI仪器获取的高精度人耳三维模型

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图 11 皮肤-软骨双重结构的人耳模型以及耳机三维模型

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图 12 耳机和人耳网格模型细分

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图 13 耳部等效应力分布云图

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表 1 各型值点阈值的设定

型值点	P₁	P₂	P₄	P₅	P₆	P_7a	P_7b	P_7c	P_7d	P₇₈₅
阈值	3.5 mm	3.6 mm	4.3 mm	4.6 mm	4.9 mm	4.8 mm	4.8 mm	4.9 mm	4.6 mm	5.5 mm

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表 2 聚类结果

No	起始人数	分组人数	参数a	参数b	参数c	参数d	人数比例
1	308	66	0.84	0.40	1.32	2.95	21.4
2	242	32	0.80	0.44	1.54	2.86	10.4
3	210	30	0.73	0.37	1.24	2.16	9.7
4	180	22	0.71	0.35	1.55	2.17	7.1
5	158	21	0.89	0.42	1.35	2.61	6.8
6	137	15	0.89	0.46	1.52	3.42	4.9
7	122	15	0.95	0.46	1.63	2.90	4.9
8	107	12	0.91	0.47	1.76	3.10	3.9
9	95	12	0.68	0.37	1.25	2.15	3.9
10	83	10	0.89	0.43	1.60	2.70	3.2
11	73	7	0.98	0.50	1.64	2.88	2.3
12	66	6	0.97	0.44	1.66	2.54	1.9
13	60	5	0.90	0.44	1.46	2.84	1.6
14	55	4	0.94	0.49	1.74	3.00	1.3
15	51	5	1.00	0.50	1.69	2.78	1.6
16	46	4	1.11	0.56	1.85	2.95	1.3
17	42	5	0.75	0.46	1.89	2.97	1.6
18	37	4	0.80	0.42	1.53	2.57	1.3
19	33	5	1.11	0.57	2.29	3.21	1.6
20	28	4	1.13	0.55	2.14	2.95	1.3
21	24	3	0.87	0.45	1.83	2.44	1.0
22	21	3	1.05	0.54	2.23	3.02	1.0
23	18	2	0.84	0.42	1.58	2.09	0.6
24	16	2	0.88	0.41	1.60	3.14	0.6
25	14	3	0.93	0.45	1.68	2.54	1.0
26	11	2	0.75	0.40	1.82	1.82	0.6
27	9	2	0.84	0.43	2.02	2.02	0.6
28	7	2	0.93	0.45	1.68	1.68	0.6
29	5	2	0.48	0.31	1.65	1.65	0.6
人数	308	305					99.0

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表 3 改进层级聚类算法与传统层级聚类算法的结果对比

聚类算法	分组数	参与样本	人数占比	参数a	参数b	参数c	参数d
改进层级聚类算法	29	305	99%	0.88	0.44	1.68	2.62
Single-linkage (Instastop)	24	159	52%	0.51	0.29	1.25	1.86
Single-linkage (Laterstop)	30	265	87%	0.71	0.35	1.37	2.32
Complete-linkage (Instastop)	27	185	61%	0.57	0.28	1.25	1.87
Complete-linkage (Laterstop)	43	299	98%	0.73	0.39	1.51	2.51
Mean linkage (Instastop)	27	205	67%	0.59	0.34	1.33	1.97
Mean linkage (Laterstop)	34	283	93%	0.67	0.38	1.57	2.31
Centroid linkage (Instastop)	27	215	70%	0.65	0.29	1.43	2.11
Centroid linkage (Laterstop)	40	293	96%	0.81	0.40	1.62	2.45

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表 4 耳甲腔关键特征尺寸

mm
No	P₁P₃	P₃P₅	P₁P₅	P_7aP_7b	P_7cP_7d
1	17.13	16.57	16.25	9.27	7.09
2	15.40	15.73	15.18	9.15	7.12
3	16.87	14.93	15.55	8.95	7.15
4	19.30	16.88	18.14	9.86	7.97
5	16.65	15.84	16.85	9.49	7.25
6	17.37	15.92	16.99	9.61	6.71
7	16.01	15.14	14.68	9.21	6.91
8	17.37	16.36	18.09	9.44	7.19
9	17.58	15.05	16.63	9.73	7.55
10	17.39	16.35	17.50	9.69	7.77
11	17.14	17.08	16.19	10.22	7.67
12	15.55	15.06	16.28	9.35	6.99
13	18.09	16.31	15.24	9.56	6.96
14	15.96	16.21	16.70	8.71	7.14
15	17.11	17.53	14.76	7.51	7.35
16	17.16	17.36	16.57	10.01	8.19
17	17.34	16.87	16.41	9.43	7.17
18	16.87	17.94	18.03	9.86	7.86
19	19.27	17.73	19.02	10.26	7.70
20	15.47	14.41	14.69	8.27	6.50
21	19.50	18.34	16.49	11.28	8.87
22	17.47	16.08	14.16	9.49	5.90
23	17.72	14.82	16.79	8.93	6.87
24	17.20	17.25	16.63	9.47	8.03
25	16.69	14.83	17.41	9.21	6.94
26	16.74	17.14	19.34	8.67	7.29
27	19.48	17.35	15.34	10.12	7.19
28	18.17	15.00	16.30	8.82	7.18
29	16.61	14.18	16.63	8.83	6.52

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表 5 耳廓组织及耳机材料特性

组织	材料类型	密度/ (kg·m^-3)	弹性模量/MPa	泊松比
皮肤	弹性	1 000	35	0.42
血管/神经	弹性	1 000	50	0.45
软骨	弹性	1 600	1 200	0.20
弹性尼龙	弹性	1 030	49.30	0.30

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