Compilation Methods of Durable Load-spectrum upon Spectral Frequency and Overload Retardation Effect
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摘要: 国内所编制的所有型号飞机的载荷谱，均是代表机队平均使用情况的疲劳载荷谱，而未编制耐久性载荷谱，解决这些问题无论是对我国新一代飞机的研制，还是对旧型飞机使用延寿都迫在眉睫。本文在研究与总结现有载荷谱编制方法及载荷谱处理的关键技术基础上，提出了两种耐久性载荷谱的编制方法：1）对各级载荷发生频次进行概率统计，增大各级载荷发生频次，进而形成较为严重的耐久性载荷谱，即基于载荷发生频次的耐久性载荷谱编制方法；2）将载荷谱中的高载降低为较低级载荷，削弱其对后续小载荷的迟滞效应，使得所编制的载荷谱偏严重，即基于超载迟滞效应的载荷谱编制方法。根据上述两种耐久性载荷谱的编制思想，编制了基准载荷谱和两种耐久性载荷谱，并对这两种载荷谱进行对比试验。通过试验结果证明，本文提出来的两种编制方法均可以达到预期的严重效果，满足耐久性载荷谱的编制要求。Abstract: All sorts of fatigue load-spectrums authorized at home are on behalf of fleets' average usage cases at present, rather than durable load-spectrum. The solution to the problem is necessary and extremely urgent for not only the development of domestic new generation of aircrafts, but also the used flights' longer lifetime. This contribution proposes two kinds of compilation methods of durable load-spectrum, which on account of the summary of the existing load-spectrum compilation methods and the key technology of the load-spectrum processing. One of which is form a more serious durability load-spectrum, carrying out the probability statistics of the load frequency at all levels and increasing the load frequency, based on the spectral frequency of the load-spectrum methods. This a more serious load-spectrum, which in view of the load-spectrum with overload retardation effect, by depressing the high load to a lower load in the load-spectrum, and relaxing its retardation to subsequent small load. This paper draws up the standard load-spectrum and the new durable ones, and compares the two methods, according to the theories of the above-mentioned methods. Proved by the result of experiments, the proposed both methods can achieve the expected serious effect, meeting the demands of the durable load-spectrum.
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Key words:
- durable load-spectrum /
- overload retardation effect /
- spectra frequency /
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表 1 部分原始数据
时间/min 各级载荷/g 2 2.5 3 3.5 4 4.5 5 91 21 18 9 4 1 0 0 90 45 27 6 2 0 0 0 91 22 16 7 4 0 0 0 87 18 6 0 0 0 0 0 89 12 2 0 0 0 0 0 91 86 53 35 18 8 2 0 92 21 12 6 3 2 0 0 
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表 2 各级载荷超越数据
载荷分级数 原始数据 基准谱 严重谱 短周期谱 0.5 16 621 11 078 21 311 1 101 1.0 16 475 11 050 21 231 1 101 1.5 16 263 11 017 20 916 1 096 2.0 13 298 8 915 17 424 888 2.5 9 210 6 005 13 495 597 3.0 7 022 3 776 10 267 384 3.5 5 006 2 503 7 772 253 4.0 3 226 1 613 5 853 163 4.5 2 136 1 068 4 361 106 5.0 1 428 714 3 171 69 5.5 956 444 2 122 42 6.0 600 227 1 225 21 6.5 287 102 619 9 7.0 72 18 170 1 7.5 20 2 35 0 8.0 2 0 3 0
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表 3 载荷谱信息对比
载荷谱 谱块大小(峰谷数) 最大载荷/g 发生频次 大于7 g载荷数 基准谱 22 156 7.5 2 18 严重谱 42 622 8 3 170 短周期谱 2 201 7 1 1
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表 4 载荷谱试验结果
试件编号 加载谱形 循环数 谱块大小 谱块个数 平均 变异系数 B基准寿命(谱块个数) 2-1 31 802 2.63 2-2 36 639 3.03 2-3 基准谱 35 671 12 092 2.95 2.81 0.057 2(≥6) 2.368 2-4 34 583 2.86 2-5 32 648 2.70 2-6 32 527 2.69 2-7 25 316 1.16 2-8 27 498 1.26 2-9 严重谱 26 189 21 824 1.20 1.21 0.045 6(≥5) 1.056 2-10 27 716 1.27 2-11 26 625 1.22 2-12 24 661 1.13
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表 5 载荷谱试验结果
试件编号 加载谱形 循环数 谱块大小 谱块个数 平均 变异系数 转换为1 000飞行小时平均谱/谱块数 B基准寿命(谱块个数) 2-1 基准谱 31 802 12 092 2.63 2.81 0.057 2(≥6) 2.81 2.368 2-2 36 639 3.03 2-3 35 671 2.95 2-4 34 583 2.86 2-5 32 648 2.7 2-6 32 527 2.69 1-5 短周期谱 18 999 2 202 14.82 14.89 0.048 4(≥5) 1.489 1.270 1-6 19 307 15.06 1-7 17 794 13.88 1-8 20 384 15.90 1-9 18 974 14.80
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