Multi-objective Optimization Design of Machine Tool Column with Foamed Aluminum
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摘要: 为探索提高机床综合性能的新途径，提出了泡沫铝夹芯结构立柱新构型。首先，选取XK714数控机床立柱为原型，运用等刚度设计理论和轻质性设计理论初步设计泡沫铝夹芯结构机床立柱；然后，运用多目标优化设计的方法对泡沫铝夹芯结构机床立柱进行优化设计；最后，对原型立柱和优化前后的泡沫铝夹芯结构立柱的静、动、热态性能及轻质性进行对比分析。结果证明：泡沫铝夹芯结构机床立柱在提高机床立柱乃至整机的静、动、热态性能及轻质性方面的有效性。Abstract: In order to explore a new way to improve the comprehensive performance of machine tools, a new configuration of foam aluminum sandwich structural column is proposed. Firstly, the XK714 CNC machine tool column is selected as the prototype, and the foam aluminum sandwich structure machine tool column is preliminarily designed with the equal rigidity design theory and the light weight design theory. Then, the multi-objective optimization design method is used to optimize the design of foam aluminum sandwich structure machine tool columns. Finally, the static, dynamic, thermal and light properties of the prototype column and the foam aluminum sandwich structure column before and after optimization are compared and analyzed. The results show that the foam aluminum sandwich structure machine tool column is effective for improving the static, dynamic, thermal and lightweight performance of the machine tool column and even the whole machine.
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表 2 两种立柱涉及的材料参数
材料 密度ρ/(g·mm-3) 弹性模量E/Pa 泊松比μ 泡沫铝 5.4×10-4 1.2×1010 0.33 HT200 7.2×10-3 1.44×1011 0.3 
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表 3 两种立柱的结构参数及对比
立柱种类属性 抗弯刚度/(Pa·mm-4) 质量/kg 原型立柱 1.35×1020 582.32 泡沫铝夹芯结构立柱 1.37×1020 492.43
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表 4 两种立柱静态性能
参数 原型立柱 泡沫铝夹芯结构立柱 变化量 最大等效应变/mm 2.160 0×10-5 1.979 0×10-5 -8.38% 最大等效应力/MPa 2.852 8 2.645 7 -7.26% 总质量/kg 582.32 492.43 -15.44%
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表 5 两种立柱前3阶模态固有频率
阶次 原型立柱固有频率/Hz 泡沫铝夹芯结构立柱固有频率/Hz 变化量/% 1 136.15 140.24 3.00 2 138.43 143.44 3.62 3 344.30 349.29 1.45
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表 6 两种材料主要性能参数
材料 密度/(g·mm-3) 弹性模量/Pa 泊松比 导热系数W/(m2·℃) 比热J/(kg·℃) 热膨胀系数/℃ HT200 7.2×10-3 1.44×1011 0.30 39.2 480 1.0×10-5 泡沫铝 5.4×10-4 1.2×1010 0.33 10.0 1 100 1.9×10-5
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