热处理温度对SLM成形316L不锈钢组织性能影响研究

姚宇荃

doi:10.13433/j.cnki.1003-8728.20230390

热处理温度对SLM成形316L不锈钢组织性能影响研究

doi: 10.13433/j.cnki.1003-8728.20230390

姚宇荃

1.
航空工业成都飞机设计研究所，成都　610091

详细信息

作者简介:
姚宇荃，硕士研究生，yaoyuquan0520@163.com

中图分类号: TG142.7
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- 文章访问数: 51
- HTML全文浏览量: 160
- PDF下载量: 8
- 被引次数: 0
出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2023-10-28
- 刊出日期: 2024-02-01

Effect of Heat Treatment Temperature on Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of 316L Stainless Steel Formed by SLM

YAO Yuquan

1.
AVIC Chengdu Aircraft Design & Research Institute, Chengdu 610091, China

摘要

摘要: 使用选区激光熔化(SLM)技术制备316L不锈钢试样以及残余应力样件，采用光学显微镜、扫描电子显微镜（SEM，配备电子背散射衍射探头EBSD）、显微硬度计等研究不同热处理工艺对SLM成形316L的显微组织、显微硬度、力学性能以及残余应力的影响，得到最优热处理工艺。结果表明SLM制备制件组织致密，在最优热处理1 000 ℃、保温2 h制度下，试样的性能稳定，显微硬度及拉伸性能各向异性差异小，残余应力小。此研究为SLM 成形316L不锈钢的力学性能优化及显微组织调控提供了强有力的基础。
- SLM /
- 316L /
- 热处理 /
- 残余应力
Abstract: The different 316L samples and residual stress parts were manufactured by the selective laser melting (SLM) technology. The effect of the different heat treatment conditions on the microstructure, micro-hardness, mechanical properties and residual stress of 316L stainless steel samples formed by using SLM were investigated via optical microscope, scanning electron microscopy (SEM, equipped with electron backscatter diffraction(EBSD) probe), micro-hardness tester. The optimum heat treatment condition is obtained. The result show that the structure of316L stainless steel parts formed by SLMare very dense. Under the best heat treatment condition, which is holding at 1000 ℃ for 2 h, the samples have stable mechanical properties, lower residual stress. This study provides a strong basis for optimizing the mechanical properties and microstructure adjustment of 316L stainless steel formed by using SLM.
- SLM /
- 316L /
- heat treatment /
- residual stress

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图 1 BLT-S210激光选区熔化成形设备

Figure 1. BLT-S210 selective laser melting and forming equipment

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图 2 316L不锈钢粉末SEM形貌

Figure 2. SEM morphology of 316L stainless steel powder

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图 3 激光成形方向示意图

Figure 3. Laser forming direction

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图 4 标准拉伸试样图纸

Figure 4. Standard tensile sample

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图 5 悬臂梁梳齿试样模型

Figure 5. Comb tooth sample model of a cantilever beam

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图 6 SLM成形316L不锈钢显微组织形貌

Figure 6. Microstructure of 316L stainless steel formed by SLM

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图 7 SLM成形316L不锈钢EBSD分析

Figure 7. EBSD analysis of 316L stainless steel formed by SLM

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图 8 SLM成形316L不锈钢的局部取向差图

Figure 8. Local misorientation of 316L stainless steel formed by SLM

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图 9 不同热处理状态SLM成形316L不锈钢的应力-应变曲线

Figure 9. Stress-strain curve of 316L stainless steel formed by SLM in different heat treatment states

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图 10 不同热处理状态SLM成形316L不锈钢的维氏硬度

Figure 10. Vickers hardness of 316L stainless steel formed by SLM after different heat treatment

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图 11 不同热处理状态SLM成形316L不锈钢的拉伸断口形貌

Figure 11. Tensile fracture morphology of 316L stainless steel formed by SLM in different heat treatment states

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图 12 SLM成形316L不锈钢梳齿试样线切割说明

Figure 12. Wire-cut specification of comb tooth sample of 316L stainless steel formed by SLM

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图 13 不同热处理状态SLM成形316L不锈钢的残余应力评估

Figure 13. Residual stress assessment of 316L stainless steel formed by SLM in different heat treatment states

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表 1 316L不锈钢粉末各元素的质量分数

Table 1. Mass fraction of each element of 316L stainless powder 　　　%

Fe	Cr	Ni	Mo	Mn	Si	P	C	S
Bal.	17.35	10.05	2.15	0.53	0.29	0.014	＜0.0050	0.001

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表 2 316L不锈钢粉末物理性能

Table 2. Physical properties of 316L stainless steel powder

球形度	空心粉率/%	流动性/50g	粒径分布/µm
球形度	空心粉率/%	流动性/50g	D_v（10）	D_v（50）	D_v（90）
0.91	0.15	16.7	21.3	37.16	68.45

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表 3 热处理方案

Table 3. Heat treatment scheme

试验组号	热处理方式
1	打印态
2	400 ℃-2h-氩冷
3	600 ℃-2h-氩冷
4	800 ℃-2h-氩冷
5	1000 ℃-2h-氩冷

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表 4 SLM成形316L不锈钢经过不同热处理后的Schmid因子平均值

Table 4. The average value of Schmid factor of 316L stainless steel formed by SLM after different heat treatments

打印态		1000 ℃-2h
XY	Z	XY	Z
0.449	0.447	0.451	0.450

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表 5 不同热处理状态SLM成形316L不锈钢的室温拉伸性能

Table 5. Room temperature tensile property of 316L stainless steel formed by SLM in different heat treatment states

状态	方向	R_m/MPa	R_p_0.2/MPa	A/%	Z/%
打印态	XY	705（ ± 2.1）	575（ ± 1.4）	41.5（ ± 0.7）	78（ ± 0.7）
打印态	Z	650（ ± 2.1）	482（ ± 3.5）	49.0（ ± 0.4）	84（ ± 1.4）
400 ℃-2h	XY	691（ ± 0.6）	553（ ± 2.6）	42.0（ ± 0.3）	81（ ± 0.6）
400 ℃-2h	Z	637（ ± 0.6）	477（ ± 1.7）	54.5（ ± 0.7）	83（ ± 0）
600 ℃-2h	XY	695（ ± 0）	513（ ± 2.6）	44.0（ ± 0.8）	75（ ± 0）
600 ℃-2h	Z	645（ ± 0.6）	448（ ± 0.6）	56.0（ ± 0.3）	81（ ± 0.6）
800 ℃-2h	XY	693（ ± 0.6）	432（ ± 0）	44.0（ ± 0）	72（ ± 0）
800 ℃-2h	Z	645（ ± 1.0）	392（ ± 1.5）	52.5（ ± 0.3）	74（ ± 0）
1000 ℃-2h	XY	649（ ± 2.8）	390（ ± 4.5）	51.0（ ± 0.6）	69（ ± 1.2）
1000 ℃-2h	Z	609（ ± 0.6）	357（ ± 2.1）	61.5（ ± 0.5）	73（ ± 0.6）
注：括号里的数值为误差值。

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表 6 不同热处理后室温抗拉强度XY向与Z向差异

Table 6. Difference in room temperature tensile strength of XY and Z samples after different heat treatment

热处理制度	打印态	400 ℃-2h	600 ℃-2h	800 ℃-2h	1000 ℃-2h
抗拉强度XY与Z差值/MPa	55	54	50	48	40

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