铝合金锻件残余应力和变形关系分析探讨

罗喜东; 陈龑斌

doi:10.13433/j.cnki.1003-8728.20230106

铝合金锻件残余应力和变形关系分析探讨

doi: 10.13433/j.cnki.1003-8728.20230106

罗喜东^1,,
陈龑斌²

1.
陕西飞机工业有限责任公司，陕西汉中　723213
2.
中航西安飞机工业（集团）有限责任公司，西安　710089

详细信息

作者简介:
罗喜东（1970−），研究员级高级工程师，硕士研究生，研究方向为飞机制造工艺、信息化专业，luoxidong@saic.avic.com

中图分类号: TG316
计量
- 文章访问数: 154
- HTML全文浏览量: 60
- PDF下载量: 32
- 被引次数: 0
出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2022-11-25
- 网络出版日期: 2023-03-27
- 刊出日期: 2023-02-25

Analysis and Discussion on the Relationship between Residual Stress and Deformation of Aluminum Alloy Forgings

LUO Xidong^1
,,
CHEN Yanbin²

1.
Avic Shaanxi Aircraft Industry Co., Ltd., Hanzhong 723213, Shaanxi, China
2.
Avic Xi'an Aircraft Industry (Group) Co., Ltd., Xi' an 710089, China

摘要

摘要: 铝合金锻件在锻造、切削、热处理等加工过程会产生残余应力，当金属内部残余应力平衡时，金属组织性能较高，当金属内部残余应力失衡时，金属内应力发生释放产生变形现象，金属组织性能将有所下降。本文以变形铝合金锻件为研究对象，对残余应力和变形之间的关系分析，并提出预防措施和消除变形的方法。
- 铝合金锻件 /
- 残余应力 /
- 变形
Abstract: Aluminium alloy forgings will produce residual stress in the process of forging, cutting, heat treatment and other processes. When the internal residual stress of metal is in balance, the performance of metal structure is higher. When the internal residual stress of metal is unbalanced, the internal stress will be released to produce deformation phenomenon, and the performance of metal structure will be reduced. Taking the wrought aluminiumalloy forgings as the research object, this paper analyses the relationship between residual stress and deformation, and put forward preventive measures and methods to eliminate deformation.
- aluminum alloy forging /
- residual stress /
- deformation

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图 1 铝合金锻件毛坯翘曲变形

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图 2 支座

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表 1 机械性能试验报告

序号	图号	材料牌号	炉批号	抗拉强度/（kg·m⁻²）	屈服点/（kg·m⁻²）	延伸率/％	是否变形
1	XX-04**-8	2A50-CS	$ {4{\text{-}}1463}_{\mathrm{M}71}^{1{\text{-}}20} $	43.2 ~ 43.7	33.6 ~ 34.9	14.8 ~ 16.8	否
2			$ {3{\text{-}}1233}_{\mathrm{M}69}^{2{\text{-}}24} $	42.3	33.2 ~ 34.8	16.2 ~ 20.1	否
3			$ {3{\text{-}}168}_{\mathrm{M}60}^{1{\text{-}}46} $	45.3 ~ 46.5	37.2 ~ 37.6	12.4 ~ 13.8	是
性能指标				≥39	≥28	≥10	−

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表 2 刀具的典型切削参数

操作	材料	切削性类别	切削速度V_c/（m·min⁻¹）	副后角α′/（°）	纵向前角γ/（°）	进给量f/（mm·r⁻¹）	切削深度a_p/mm	冷却剂
粗车	高速钢	Ⅰ Ⅱ	200 ~ 400 100 ~ 250	9 ~ 12 8 ~ 10	30 ~ 40 20 ~ 30	≤1 0.2 ~ 0.5	3 ~ 15 3 ~ 15	无无
粗车	硬质合金	Ⅰ Ⅱ	600 ~ 1200 200 ~ 400	7 ~ 10 7 ~ 10	20 ~ 30 10 ~ 20	0.3 ~ 0.6 0.25 ~ 0.6	3 ~ 15 3 ~ 15	无无
精车	高速钢	Ⅰ Ⅱ	400 ~ 900 200 ~ 500	8 ~ 10 7 ~ 9	40 ~ 50 30 ~ 40	0.05 ~ 0.3 0.03 ~ 0.25	0.3 ~ 2.5 0.3 ~ 2.5	乳液或切削油
精车	硬质合金	Ⅰ Ⅱ	≤2400 250 ~ 700	8 ~ 10 7 ~ 9	20 ~ 30 10 ~ 20	≤0.15 0.05 ~ 0.1	0.3 ~ 2.5 0.3 ~ 2.5	乳液或切削油

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表 3 铝合金的典型铣削参数

操作	材料	切削性类别	铣削速度 V_c/（m·min⁻¹）	主间隙角 α/（°）	倾斜角 γ/（°）	进给量 f/（mm·r⁻¹）	铣削深度 a_p/mm	螺旋线角 γ/（°）	冷却剂
粗铣	高速钢	Ⅰ Ⅱ	300 ~ 600 150 ~ 400	8 6	25 20	0.1 ~ 0.5 0.1 ~ 0.5	2 ~ 20 2 ~ 20	30 ~ 40 ≤30	无乳液
粗铣	硬质合金	Ⅰ Ⅱ	≤2500 300 ~ 800	8 6	20 15	0.1 ~ 0.6 0.1 ~ 0.6	2 ~ 20 2 ~ 20	30 ~ 40 ≤30	无无
精铣	高速钢	Ⅰ Ⅱ	≤1500 250 ~ 800	12 10	30 25	0.03 ~ 0.1 0.03 ~ 0.1	≤0.5 ≤0.5	30 ~ 40 ≤30	乳液乳液或油
精铣	硬质合金	Ⅰ Ⅱ	≤3000 500 ~ 1500	12 10	25 20	0.03 ~ 0.1 0.03 ~ 0.1	≤0.5 ≤0.5	30 ~ 40 ≤30	乳液乳液或油

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