硬质聚氨酯泡沫材料制备与成型工艺的研究进展

刘磊; 郭琰; 段飞; 赵丹阳

doi:10.13433/j.cnki.1003-8728.20230074

硬质聚氨酯泡沫材料制备与成型工艺的研究进展

doi: 10.13433/j.cnki.1003-8728.20230074

刘磊^1,,
郭琰²,
段飞²,
赵丹阳²

1.
西北工业大学第三六五研究所，西安　710065
2.
大连理工大学机械工程学院，辽宁大连　116024

详细信息

作者简介:
刘磊（1970−），高级工程师，硕士，研究方向为无人机及其发射回收装置设计与研究，liulei@nwpu.edu.cn

中图分类号: TQ328.3
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- 被引次数: 0
出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2022-06-24
- 网络出版日期: 2023-03-27
- 刊出日期: 2023-02-25

Advances in Fabrication and Moulding Process of Rigid Polyurethane Foam Materials

1.
365th Research Institute, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi′an 710065, China
2.
School of Mechanical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, Liaoning, China

摘要

摘要: 硬质聚氨酯泡沫材料凭借其优秀的理化性能和机械性能，广泛应用于国民生产和国防军工等多个领域，具有不可替代的重要作用。同时，随着材料成型技术的进步，又发展出一些性能增强的新型硬质聚氨酯复合材料。本文综述了硬质聚氨酯泡沫材料的原料体系、成型工艺及阻燃聚氨酯泡沫、材料增强方法的最近研究进展，详细分析了异氰酸酯、多元醇和多种纤维和粒子增强材料对硬质聚氨酯泡沫性能的增强机理及影响规律。最后，对硬质聚氨酯泡沫材料的未来研究和发展方向进行了展望。
- 硬质聚氨酯泡沫 /
- 成型工艺 /
- 复合材料 /
- 性能增强
Abstract: With its excellent physical and chemical properties and mechanical properties, rigid polyurethane foam materials are widely used in many fields such as national production and defence industry, and have an irreplaceable and important role to play. Meanwhile, with the progress of material forming technology, some new rigid polyurethane composites with enhanced properties have been developed. This paper reviews the recent research progress on the raw material system, moulding process and flame retardant polyurethane foam and material reinforcement methods of rigid polyurethane foam materials, and analyzes in detail the reinforcement mechanism and influence law of isocyanate, polyol and various fibers and particle reinforcement materials on the performance of rigid polyurethane foam. Finally, the future research and development directions of rigid polyurethane foams are presented.
- rigid polyurethane foam /
- moulding process /
- composite /
- property enhancement

HTML全文

图 1 水发泡过程异氰酸酯参与的主要反应

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 2 硬质聚氨酯泡沫浇注成型与喷涂成型示意图

图中A料为多元醇及助剂混合体系，又称为白料；B料为多异氰酸酯，又称为黑料

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 3 RIM^[1]、RRIM、SRIM工艺的工艺流程示意图

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 4 不同GF质量分数下RPUF/GF复合材料SEM成像^[36]

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 5 预处理前后碳纤维在聚氨酯基体中的SEM成像预处理后的CF表面有凹槽，与基体结合更紧密^[43]

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 6 用于强化聚氨酯硬泡的异形碳纤维

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 7 纯RPUF与CNT/RPUF复合材料SEM成像图^[70]

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

表 1 RIM、RRIM、SRIM工艺比较^[21]

比较项目	RIM	RRIM	SRIM
增强材料类型	无	粉末状	网状、纤维状
增强材料加入方式	无	预先混入原料	摆放于模腔中
是否需要计量泵	需要	不需要	需要
充压气缸	需要	需要	需要
注射位置	侧面	侧面	模具中心
原料黏度/（mPa·s）	约2 000	100 ~ 10 000	<500

下载: 导出CSV

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