Analysis and Optimization of Cavitation Flow Characteristics in Axial Piston Pump
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摘要: 为了解决轴向柱塞泵气穴复杂问题,介绍泵的运动规律,分别建立柱塞腔压力、泵进出口流量和斜盘力矩计算模型,以柱塞腔内压力和出油口流量为基准,采用正交试验、Kriging曲面插值及遗传粒子群算法,对泵中液压油含气量、进油口压力梯度、柱塞转速以及柱塞直径进行优化计算。试验表明:油液中含气量、柱塞转速和柱塞直径对腔内压力和出油口流量的显著性值均小于0.05,当柱塞转速为700 r/min,柱塞直径为8 mm,油液中含气量为3%时,柱塞腔内压力和出油口流量分别为47 991 Pa和2.1 L/min,将优化结果导入AMESim单柱塞泵计算模型中,得到柱塞腔内负压为−29 573.5 Pa,出油口流量2.18 L/min,并无空穴现象发生,两者计算结果吻合程度均在合理范围内,验证了控制算法的优越性。Abstract: In order to solve the complex problem of cavitation in axial piston pump, the motion law of pump is introduced, and the models for piston cavity pressure, pump inlet and outlet flow and swashplate torque are established respectively, taking the pressure in piston cavity and oil outlet flow as the benchmark, orthogonal test, Kriging surface interpolation and genetic particle swarm optimization algorithm are used to calculate the air content of hydraulic oil, oil inlet pressure gradient. The piston speed and piston diameter are optimized. The test shows that the significant values of air content in oil, piston speed and piston diameter on chamber pressure and oil outlet flow are below 0.05. When the piston speed is 700 r/min, piston diameter is 8mm and air content in oil is 3%, the pressure in piston chamber and oil outlet flow are 47991 Pa and 2.1 L/min respectively.The optimal results are introduced into the model for Amesim single piston pump. The negative pressure in the piston chamber is −29573.5 Pa, the flow rate at the oil outlet is 2.18 L/min, and no cavitation occurs, the superiority of the control algorithm is verified, which provides a reference for preventing the occurrence of cavity in axial piston pump.
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表 1 因素水平表
Table 1. Factor level
水平 因素 柱塞转速/
(r·min−1)柱塞直径/
mm油液中
含气量/%进油口压力
梯度/(Pa·m−1)1 700 8 0.05 3 2 900 9 0.1 4 3 1100 10 1 5 4 1300 11 5 6 5 1500 12 10 7 表 2 正交试验表
Table 2. Factor level
试验
方案柱塞转速/
(r·min−1)柱塞直径/
mm油液中
含气量/%进油口压力
梯度/(Pa·m−1)1 700 8 0.05 3 2 700 9 10 5 3 700 10 5 7 4 700 11 1 4 5 700 12 0.1 6 6 900 8 10 7 7 900 9 5 4 8 900 10 1 6 9 900 11 0.1 3 10 900 12 0.05 5 11 1100 8 5 6 12 1100 9 1 3 13 1100 10 0.1 5 14 1100 11 0.05 7 15 1100 12 10 4 16 1300 8 1 5 17 1300 9 0.1 7 18 1300 10 0.05 4 19 1300 11 10 6 20 1300 12 5 3 21 1500 8 0.1 4 22 1500 9 0.05 6 23 1500 10 10 3 24 1500 11 5 5 25 1500 12 1 7 表 3 多因素方差分析检验结果
Table 3. Test results of one-way ANOVA
主体间效应的检验 因变量:柱塞腔压力 源 平方和 自由度 均方 F值 显著性 柱塞转速 5243600000 4 1310900000 13.005 0.001 柱塞直径 6378800000 4 1594700000 15.820 0.021 油液中含气量 14492400000 4 3623100000 35.943 0.000 进油口压力梯度 30800000 4 7700000 0.076 0.987 误差 806400000 8 100800000 − − 校正后的总变异 26952000000 24 − − − 因变量:出油口流量 源 平方和 自由度 均方 F值 显著性 柱塞转速 29.314 4 7.329 37.563 0.000 柱塞直径 50.182 4 12.546 64.303 0.001 油液中含气量 0.426 4 0.107 0.546 0.407 进油口压力梯度 0.338 4 0.085 0.434 0.781 误差 1.561 8 0.195 − − 校正后的总变异 81.822 24 − − − -
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