轴向柱塞泵的空穴流动特性分析与优化

贠振刚; 刘沛汉; 李资

doi:10.13433/j.cnki.1003-8728.20220245

轴向柱塞泵的空穴流动特性分析与优化

doi: 10.13433/j.cnki.1003-8728.20220245

新疆工程学院能源工程学院，乌鲁木齐　830091

详细信息

作者简介:
贠振刚（1992−），讲师，硕士，研究方向为流体传动与控制技术，1362417343@qq.com

通讯作者:
刘沛汉，讲师，硕士，liupeihan007@126.com

中图分类号: TH137
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- 文章访问数: 149
- HTML全文浏览量: 43
- PDF下载量: 18
- 被引次数: 0
出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2021-02-05
- 网络出版日期: 2023-09-13
- 刊出日期: 2023-08-31

Analysis and Optimization of Cavitation Flow Characteristics in Axial Piston Pump

School of Energy Engineering, Xinjiang Institute of Engineering, Urumqi 830091, Xinjiang, China

摘要

摘要: 为了解决轴向柱塞泵气穴复杂问题，介绍泵的运动规律，分别建立柱塞腔压力、泵进出口流量和斜盘力矩计算模型，以柱塞腔内压力和出油口流量为基准，采用正交试验、Kriging曲面插值及遗传粒子群算法，对泵中液压油含气量、进油口压力梯度、柱塞转速以及柱塞直径进行优化计算。试验表明：油液中含气量、柱塞转速和柱塞直径对腔内压力和出油口流量的显著性值均小于0.05，当柱塞转速为700 r/min，柱塞直径为8 mm，油液中含气量为3%时，柱塞腔内压力和出油口流量分别为47 991 Pa和2.1 L/min，将优化结果导入AMESim单柱塞泵计算模型中，得到柱塞腔内负压为−29 573.5 Pa，出油口流量2.18 L/min，并无空穴现象发生，两者计算结果吻合程度均在合理范围内，验证了控制算法的优越性。
- 轴向柱塞泵 /
- 正交试验 /
- 克里金 /
- 遗传粒子群算法 /
- 空穴流动特性
Abstract: In order to solve the complex problem of cavitation in axial piston pump, the motion law of pump is introduced, and the models for piston cavity pressure, pump inlet and outlet flow and swashplate torque are established respectively, taking the pressure in piston cavity and oil outlet flow as the benchmark, orthogonal test, Kriging surface interpolation and genetic particle swarm optimization algorithm are used to calculate the air content of hydraulic oil, oil inlet pressure gradient. The piston speed and piston diameter are optimized. The test shows that the significant values of air content in oil, piston speed and piston diameter on chamber pressure and oil outlet flow are below 0.05. When the piston speed is 700 r/min, piston diameter is 8mm and air content in oil is 3%, the pressure in piston chamber and oil outlet flow are 47991 Pa and 2.1 L/min respectively.The optimal results are introduced into the model for Amesim single piston pump. The negative pressure in the piston chamber is −29573.5 Pa, the flow rate at the oil outlet is 2.18 L/min, and no cavitation occurs, the superiority of the control algorithm is verified, which provides a reference for preventing the occurrence of cavity in axial piston pump.
- axial piston pump /
- orthogonal test /
- Kriging /
- genetic particle swarm optimization /
- cavitation flow characteristics

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图 1 轴向柱塞运动示意图

Figure 1. Schematic diagram of axial plunger movement

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图 2 施加在斜盘上的外力

Figure 2. External force on swashplate

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图 3 AMESim单柱塞泵仿真模型

Figure 3. AMESim single piston pump simulation model

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图 4 不同水平下柱塞腔内压力和出油口流量

Figure 4. Pressure in piston cavity and oil outlet flow at different levels

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图 5 因素C和A的Kriging插值拟合

Figure 5. Kriging interpolation fitting of factors C and A

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图 6 因素A和B的Kriging插值拟合

Figure 6. Kriging interpolation fitting of factors A and B

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图 7 种群均值及柱塞腔内压力最优解

Figure 7. Optimal solution of population mean and pressure in piston cavity

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图 8 种群均值及出油口流量最优解

Figure 8. Optimal solution of population mean and oil outlet flow

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图 9 优化后的柱塞腔内压力及出油口流量

Figure 9. Optimized pressure in plunger cavity and oil outlet flow

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表 1 因素水平表

Table 1. Factor level

水平	因素
水平	柱塞转速/ (r·min⁻¹)	柱塞直径/ mm	油液中含气量/%	进油口压力梯度/(Pa·m⁻¹)
1	700	8	0.05	3
2	900	9	0.1	4
3	1100	10	1	5
4	1300	11	5	6
5	1500	12	10	7

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表 2 正交试验表

Table 2. Factor level

试验方案	柱塞转速/ (r·min⁻¹)	柱塞直径/ mm	油液中含气量/%	进油口压力梯度/(Pa·m⁻¹)
1	700	8	0.05	3
2	700	9	10	5
3	700	10	5	7
4	700	11	1	4
5	700	12	0.1	6
6	900	8	10	7
7	900	9	5	4
8	900	10	1	6
9	900	11	0.1	3
10	900	12	0.05	5
11	1100	8	5	6
12	1100	9	1	3
13	1100	10	0.1	5
14	1100	11	0.05	7
15	1100	12	10	4
16	1300	8	1	5
17	1300	9	0.1	7
18	1300	10	0.05	4
19	1300	11	10	6
20	1300	12	5	3
21	1500	8	0.1	4
22	1500	9	0.05	6
23	1500	10	10	3
24	1500	11	5	5
25	1500	12	1	7

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表 3 多因素方差分析检验结果

Table 3. Test results of one-way ANOVA

主体间效应的检验
因变量:柱塞腔压力
源	平方和	自由度	均方	F值	显著性
柱塞转速	5243600000	4	1310900000	13.005	0.001
柱塞直径	6378800000	4	1594700000	15.820	0.021
油液中含气量	14492400000	4	3623100000	35.943	0.000
进油口压力梯度	30800000	4	7700000	0.076	0.987
误差	806400000	8	100800000	−	−
校正后的总变异	26952000000	24	−	−	−
因变量:出油口流量
源	平方和	自由度	均方	F值	显著性
柱塞转速	29.314	4	7.329	37.563	0.000
柱塞直径	50.182	4	12.546	64.303	0.001
油液中含气量	0.426	4	0.107	0.546	0.407
进油口压力梯度	0.338	4	0.085	0.434	0.781
误差	1.561	8	0.195	−	−
校正后的总变异	81.822	24	−	−	−

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