Effect of Musculoskeletal Parameters on Muscle Metabolism in Flat-ground Walking Mode
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摘要: 面向老年人日常行走助力方案及锻炼方式的关注度日益提升。本文针对不同肌肉骨骼参数，构建了适用于中国人体质的肌肉骨骼模型，利用OpenSim分别获取平地行走模式下衰老因素、身高与体重对人体下肢肌肉代谢及各关节扭矩的变化情况，探究肌骨参数对下肢运动的影响规律，并以下肢运动代谢为评价指标，通过正交试验综合评价相关肌骨参数对其影响程度。上述研究方法及结果为外骨骼助力行走装置的方案设计及科学运动锻炼的拟定提供了理论参考与数据支撑。Abstract: More and more attention has been paid to daily walking assistance programs and exercise methods for the elderly. Aiming at different musculoskeletal parameters, this paper constructs a musculoskeletal model suitable for Chinese people's physique. OpenSim is used to obtain the changes of aging factors, height and weight on human lower limb muscle metabolism and joint torque under flat walking mode, and explore the influence law of musculoskeletal parameters on lower limb movement. And taking the lower limb movement metabolism as the evaluation index, the influence degree of related musculoskeletal parameters on the index is comprehensively evaluated by orthogonal test. The above research methods and results provide theoretical reference and data support for the scheme design of exoskeleton assisted walking device and the formulation of scientific exercise.
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Key words:
- musculoskeletal parameters /
- muscle metabolism /
- joint torque /
- OpenSim /
- influence law
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图 4 不同年龄下肢运动代谢均值对比
Figure 4. Comparison of the mean metabolic values of lower limb movement at different ages
图 5 1个步态周期内下肢主要肌肉力均值
Figure 5. Mean value's of major muscle strength in the lower limbs during one gait cycle
图 7 不同身高或体重时下肢肌肉的代谢均值
Figure 7. Average metabolism values of lower limb muscles atdifferent heights or weights
图 8 不同身高或体重时下肢各关节扭矩
Figure 8. Joint torques of lower limb at different heights or weights
图 9 体重比例上升时下肢各关节输出扭矩均值的变化
Figure 9. Changes in average joint torque output of lower limb with increasing weight proportion
图 10 身高比例上升时下肢各关节输出扭矩均值的变化
Figure 10. Changes in average joint torque output of lower limb with increasing height proportion
表 1 中国人身体环节相对质量与质心位置（男性） [15]
Table 1. Relative mass and center of mass position of the human body segments in Chinese individuals (Male)
关节 相对质量（重量比） 相对质心位置（长度比） 髋 11.848% 38.09% 大腿 14% 52.29% 小腿 4% 59.09% 脚 1.5% 51.98% 
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表 2 青年人与老年人的肌肉力学参数
Table 2. Muscle mechanics parameters of young and elderly people
$ F_{0}^{M}/q_0 $ $ \tau_{\rm {dact }} $/ms $ V_{\mathrm{max}}^{\mathrm{M}} $$ \left({L}_{0}^{M}/s\right) $ $ \varepsilon_0^M $ $ F_{{\mathrm{len}}}^{M} $ 青年（30岁） 100 50 10 0.6 1.4 老年（70岁） 70 60 8 0.5 1.8
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表 3 不同BMI对应的体重和身高
Table 3. Weight and height corresponding to different BMI values
BMI 体重/kg 身高/m 18（体重过低） 60 1.82 22.8（正常范围） 70 1.75 28（Ⅰ度肥胖） 80 1.69
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表 4 因素水平表
Table 4. Factor levels
水平 因素 $ F_{0}^{M} $ $ \tau_{{\mathrm{dact}}} $ $ V_{\rm max}^{M} $ $ \varepsilon_0^M $ $ F_{\rm{len}}^{M} $ 身高/cm 体重/kg 1 100% 50 10 0.6 1.4 170 60 2 70% 60 8 0.5 1.8 175 70
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表 5 正交试验方差分析表
Table 5. Analysis of variance for orthogonal experiments
方差来源 平方和 自由度 均方值 F值 临界性 显著性 0.1 0.05 $ F_{0}^{M} $ 49770.13 1 49770.13 4.20 3.78 5.99 * $ \tau_{ \rm{dact }} $ 25878.13 1 25878.13 2.18 3.78 5.99 $ V_{\rm max}^{M} $ 60378.13 1 60378.13 5.09 3.78 5.99 * $ \varepsilon_0^M $ 1770.125 1 1770.125 0.15 3.78 5.99 $ F_{\rm{len}}^{M} $ 378.125 1 378.125 0.03 3.78 5.99 身高 10440.13 1 10440.13 0.88 3.78 5.99 体重 10440.13 1 10440.13 0.88 3.78 5.99 е 71121 6 11853.5 T 3467 14
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