Study on Recognition of Wheel Flat Scars Using Acceleration Signal of Wheel-rail Vibration
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摘要: 实现车轮扁疤损伤的早期识别，并跟踪其发展过程，是研发轨道交通故障智能识别系统的重要内容。目前相关研究着重于分析车轮扁疤激励对车辆和轨道系统相关部件的影响，以及如何在确保行车安全的条件下确定扁疤的安全限值，缺乏通过钢轨振动响应识别车轮扁疤机理的研究。因此基于车辆-轨道耦合动力学理论，通过动力学仿真计算得到车轮扁疤激励下，车辆系统和轨道系统的动力学响应。采用小波包分解算法，提取不同部件的垂向振动加速度的能量值作为评判指标，从能量特征的角度研究车轮扁疤冲击响应的评价方法。考虑了轮轨之间平顺、随机不平顺、以及叠加粗糙度3种激励状态，对车体、构架、轴箱、轮对以及钢轨的加速度时域信号特征和能量特征进行了对比分析。研究发现钢轨小波包能量值与扁疤深度之间具有线性递增关系，车轮扁疤冲击仅影响同侧钢轨的小波包能量值，因此可以利用钢轨振动响应的小波包能量值进行车轮扁疤检测。
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关键词:
- 智能识别 /
- 小波包分解 /
- 车辆-轨道耦合动力学 /
- 扁疤检测
Abstract: Early detecting of wheel flat and tracking development process are important contents for the rail transit fault intelligent identification system. Current work emphasizes the impact of wheel flat excitation on vehicle and track system components, and how to determine the safety limit of the scar to ensure driving safety, lack of research on the recognition mechanism of wheel flat. Therefore, in terms of the vehicle-track coupled dynamics theory, the dynamic response of vehicle system and track system under wheel flat excitation is obtained by using the dynamic simulation. Using wavelet packet decomposition, the energy values of vertical vibration acceleration of different components are extracted as the evaluation indexes, and the evaluation method of wheel flat impact response is studied from the perspective of energy characteristics. The acceleration time domain the signal eigenvalue and energy eigenvalue of the vehicle body, frame, axle box, wheelset and rail are compared and analyzed by considering three excitation states of wheel-rail irregularity, random irregularity and superimposed roughness. It is found that there is a linear increasing relationship between the wavelet packet energy of the rail and the flat depth, the wheel flat only affects the wavelet packet energy of identical side rail. Therefore, the wavelet packet energy of the rail vibration response can be used to detect the wheel flat. -
图 4 无扁疤状态对应的垂向振动加速度图
Figure 4. The vertical vibration accelerationcorresponding to the no-scar state
图 5 有扁疤状态对应的垂向振动加速度图
Figure 5. The vertical vibration accelerationcorresponding to the flat scar state
图 9 右轨垂向振动响应能量值图
Figure 9. The vertical vibration response energy values of the right rail
图 10 车轮扁疤与传感器测点位置示意图
Figure 10. The schematic diagram of the position of the wheel's flat scar and the sensor measuring point
图 11 钢轨平顺状态下各测点能量分布图
Figure 11. Energy distribution of each measuring point under smooth rail condition
图 12 钢轨不平顺状态下各测点能量分布图
Figure 12. Energy distribution of each measuring point under rail irregularity
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