Multi-objective Orthogonal Particle Swarm Optimization of Permanent Magnet Vernier Motor
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摘要: 永磁游标电机有低速大转矩运行、直接驱动等优点,在保证转矩密度的同时降低转矩脉动是该类电机优化的主要目标。以内转子永磁游标电机为研究对象,利用敏感性分析确定优化因素,采用多目标正交优化、粒子群算法对该电机进行了优化,提出了二者相结合的正交-粒子群优化算法。利用有限元法对上述3种优化结果进行仿真,结果表明,该方法解决了正交优化精度不足和粒子群优化计算量大的问题;优化后使电机电磁转矩增加8.5%,转矩脉动减小8.23%,提升了电机的性能。Abstract: Permanent magnet vernier motor (PMVM) has the advantages of low speed and high torque operation, direct drive and so on. The main goal of optimization is reducing torque ripple while ensuring torque density in this type of motor. Aiming at the internal rotor permanent magnet vernier motor, the optimization factors were determined with the sensitivity analysis, then the multi-target orthogonal optimization and particle swarm optimization (PSO) are adoptedto optimize the rotor permanent magnet cursor motor, and the method of orthogonal-particle swarm optimization algorithmis proposed to improve the orthogonal optimization precision and the computationally complex problems in the particle swarm optimizationis solved. The three optimization results are simulated and compared with the finite element analysis. The results show that the present method solves the insufficient accuracy of the orthogonal optimization and the large computation of the particle swarm optimization. After optimization, the electromagnetic torque of the motor increases by 8.5% and the torque ripple decreases by 8.23%, which improves the performance of the motor.
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表 1 初始参数表
Table 1. Initial parameter table
参数 数值 参数 数值 定子槽数 12 定子外径 75 mm 转子槽数 10 定子内径 45 mm 定子槽宽 18° 转子外径 44 mm 转子槽宽 24° 转子内径 33 mm 定子槽外径 48 mm 绕组匝数 40 转子槽外径 41 mm 轴向长度 50 mm 表 2 优化区间表
Table 2. Optimized interval
参数 范围 定子内径Ris/mm 44.2 ≤ Ris ≤ 45.8 定子槽宽Ws/(°) 16 ≤ Ws ≤ 20 转子槽宽Wr/(°) 22 ≤ Wr ≤ 26 表 3 试验设计表
Table 3. Test design table
试验次数 因素 A定子槽宽/(°) B 定子内径/mm C转子槽宽/(°) 1 (A1)16 (B1)44.2 (C1)22 2 (A1)16 (B2)45 (C2)24 3 (A1)16 (B3)45.8 (C3)26 4 (A2)18 (B1)44.2 (C2)24 5 (A2)18 (B2)45 (C3)26 6 (A2)18 (B3)45.8 (C1)22 7 (A3)20 (B1)44.2 (C3)26 8 (A3)20 (B2)45 (C1)22 9 (A3)20 (B3)45.8 (C2)24 表 4 多指标实验结果表
Table 4. Experimental results of multiple indexes
试验号 因素 A定子槽宽/(°) B定子内径/mm C转子槽宽/(°) y1转矩均值 y2转矩脉动 y*综合评估 1 (A1)16 (B1)44.2 (C1)22 8.5552 0.07755 7.39193 2 (A1)16 (B2)45 (C2)24 6.7329 0.11229 5.04851 3 (A1)16 (B3)45.8 (C3)26 4.8597 0.10664 3.26007 4 (A2)18 (B1)44.2 (C2)24 7.9715 0.44392 1.31263 5 (A2)18 (B2)45 (C3)26 6.0956 0.2371 2.53908 6 (A2)18 (B3)45.8 (C1)22 5.3027 0.06185 4.37488 7 (A3)20 (B1)44.2 (C3)26 7.0327 0.2661 3.04118 8 (A3)20 (B2)45 (C1)22 6.4432 0.04805 5.72239 9 (A3)20 (B3)45.8 (C2)24 5.1336 0.03024 4.67998 均值1 5.234 3.915 5.830 优水平:A1,B2,C1 均值2 2.742 4.437 3.680 最优组合:A1B2C1 均值3 4.481 4.105 2.947 表 5 小范围试验设计表
Table 5. Small range test design
试验 因素 A定子槽宽/(°) B定子内径/mm C转子槽宽/(°) 1 (A1)15 (B1)44.2 (C1)21 2 (A1)15 (B2)45 (C2)22 3 (A1)15 (B3)45.8 (C3)23 4 (A2)16 (B1)44.2 (C2)22 5 (A2)16 (B2)45 (C3)23 6 (A2)16 (B3)45.8 (C1)21 7 (A3)17 (B1)44.2 (C3)23 8 (A3)17 (B2)45 (C1)21 9 (A3)17 (B3)45.8 (C2)22 表 6 粒子群优化具体参数取值
Table 6. Particle Swarm optimization parameter values
参数 数值 参数 数值 最大样本数量 100 权重因子 0.7 初始种群大小 20 局部加速系数 0.7(初始)
0.2(结束)最大迭代次数 5 全局加速系数 0.2(初始)
0.7(结束)表 7 小范围优化区间
Table 7. Small range optimization interval
参数 范围 定子内径Ris/mm 44.2 ≤ Ris ≤ 45.8 定子槽宽Ws/(°) 15.5 ≤ Ws ≤ 16.5 转子槽宽Wr/(°) 21.2 ≤ Wr ≤ 22.5 表 8 优化具体参数表
Table 8. Optimization parameters table
参数 数值 参数 数值 最大样本数量 50 权重因子 0.9(初始)
0.7(结束)初始种群大小 10 局部加速系数 0.5 最大迭代次数 5 全局加速系数 0.5 表 9 实验结果对比表
Table 9. Comparison of experimental results
名称 初始
参数正交
优化粒子群
优化正交-粒子群
优化试验次数 1 18 100 59 平均转矩 6.62 8.55 7.09 7.18 转矩脉动/% 11.59 7.7 2.62 3.05 定子槽宽Ws/(°) 18 16 18.95 15.99 定子内径Ris/mm 45 44.2 45.03 45.04 转子槽宽Wr/(°) 24 22 22.99 22.39 -
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