One-step Fabrication for Superhydrophobic Surface with Wire Electrical Discharge Machining
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摘要: 超疏水表面具有自清洁、减霜防冰等优良特性，在航空航天、武器装备等领域具有广泛的应用前景。针对传统超疏水表面制备工艺复杂、成本高、耐磨性差等问题，提出电火花线切割加工单步制备主级表面织构和次级放电凹坑/凸起表面形貌形成多级分层结构获得超疏水表面的新方法，主要研究内容包括：研究特定参数下线切割加工工件表面特性，获得工件加工平面的表观接触角与微观形貌；开展3种表面织构的尺寸设计，预测工件表面的实际尺寸；建立接触角仿真模型并进行仿真，分析表面织构类型和尺寸对接触角的影响规律；开展工件表面接触角的实验研究，实验结果表明：工件表面的最大接触角为152.5°，仿真接触角与实验值的相对误差低于6%。Abstract: Superhydrophobic surface has many excellent properties, such as self-cleaning, antifreeze. It has a wide application prospect in aerospace, weapon equipment and other fields. In order to solve the problem that the traditional superhydrophobic surface has high-cost and poor-wear resistance in the complex preparation process, a new method of one-step fabrication and multi-level hierarchical structure formation of discharge pits / bulges surface morphology with wire electrical discharge machining (WEDM) is proposed. We study the surface characteristics of the workpiece processed with WEDM under specific parameters, obtain its surface contact angle (CA) and microstructure. Then, we design the dimensions of three different surface textures and predict their actual sizes. We also establish the CA simulation model, carry out the simulations and analyze the influence of surface texture type and size on the CA. Finally, we do experiments on CAs. The experimental results show that the maximum contact angle is 152.5° and that the error between predicted CA and experimental values is less than 6%.
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图 4 3种表面织构的结构参数示意图
Figure 4. Schematic diagram of structural parameters of three surface textures
图 6 三角形表面织构固液接触角仿真结果
Figure 6. Simulation results on solid-liquid contact angle of triangular surface texture
图 7 梯形表面织构固液接触角仿真结果
Figure 7. Simulation results on solid-liquid contact angle of trapezoidal surface texture
图 8 矩形表面织构固液接触角仿真结果
Figure 8. Simulation results on solid-liquid contact angle of rectangular surface texture
图 9 三角形表面织构接触角测量结果
Figure 9. Measurement results on contact angle of triangular surface texture
图 10 梯形表面织构接触角测量结果
Figure 10. Contact angle measurement results of trapezoidal surface texture
图 11 矩形表面织构接触角测量结果
Figure 11. Contact angle measurement results of rectangular surface texture
图 12 3种表面织构实验接触角与仿真接触角对比折线图
Figure 12. Line chart of comparison between experimental contact angles and simulated contact angles of three surface textures
表 1 3种表面织构尺寸设计表
Table 1. Table of three surface texture size design
序号 三角形表面织构 梯形表面织构 矩形表面织构 la/mm ha/mm lb/mm θb/(°) xb/mm lc/mm Dc/mm hc/mm 1 0.7 0.8 0.8 60 0.8 0.25 0.8 0.4 2 0.6 0.72 0.8 60 1.0 0.25 1.0 0.4 3 0.6 0.58 1.0 60 1.0 0.25 1.2 0.4 4 0.6 0.44 1.0 60 1.2 0.4 0.8 0.4 5 0.6 0.3 1.2 60 1.2 0.4 1.0 0.4 6 0.7 0.3 1.2 45 1.2 
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表 2 3种表面织构尺寸预测表
Table 2. Table of three surface texture size prediction
序号 三角形表面织构 梯形表面织构 矩形表面织构 la/mm ha/mm lb/mm θb/(°) xb/mm lc/mm Dc/mm hc/mm 1 0.7 0.8 0.8 60 0.8 0.25 0.8 0.4 2 0.6 0.72 0.8 60 1.0 0.25 1.0 0.4 3 0.6 0.58 1.0 60 1.0 0.25 1.2 0.4 4 0.6 0.44 1.0 60 1.2 0.4 0.8 0.4 5 0.6 0.3 1.2 60 1.2 0.4 1.0 0.4 6 0.7 0.3 1.2 45 1.2
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表 3 3种表面织构实际几何尺寸与预测尺寸相对误差
Table 3. Relative error between the actual geometry size and the predicted size of three surface textures
序号 三角形表面织构 梯形表面织构 矩形表面织构 ha/mm ha*/mm |Δh|/mm θb/(°) θb*/(°) Δθ/(°) lc/mm lc*/mm |Δlc|/mm 1 0.65 0.46 0.19 55 55.5 0.5 0.23 0.23 0 2 0.46 0.36 0.10 55 55 0 0.23 0.23 0 3 0.37 0.34 0.03 55 55.5 0.5 0.23 0.22 0.01 4 0.27 0.26 0.01 55 55 0 0.42 0.41 0.01 5 0.17 0.19 0.02 55 55 0 0.42 0.43 0.01 6 0.18 0.22 0.04 45 45 0
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