FDM直齿轮尺寸偏差的试验研究与工艺参数优化

刘健; 王紫贤; 王晨悦; 刘善慧; 侯和平

doi:10.13433/j.cnki.1003-8728.20220099

FDM直齿轮尺寸偏差的试验研究与工艺参数优化

doi: 10.13433/j.cnki.1003-8728.20220099

西安理工大学印刷包装与数字媒体学院，西安　710054

基金项目: 陕西省重点研发计划（2020ZDLGY14-06）

详细信息

作者简介:
刘健（1982−），副教授，硕士生导师，研究方向为3D打印工艺及仿真，liujian@xaut.edu.cn

中图分类号: TH161
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- 文章访问数: 95
- HTML全文浏览量: 65
- PDF下载量: 18
- 被引次数: 0
出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2021-08-12
- 网络出版日期: 2023-09-13
- 刊出日期: 2023-08-31

Experimental Study on Dimensional Deviation of FDM Spur Gear and Optimization of Process Parameters

Faculty of Printing, Packaging Engineering and Digital Media Technology, Xi'an University of Technology, Xi'an 710054, China

摘要

摘要: 熔融沉积成型（FDM）过程中热塑性材料的热胀冷缩是影响成型件尺寸精度的重要因素。本文以分层厚度、喷头温度、打印速度、底板温度这4个打印参数为控制变量，利用正交试验研究了打印参数对聚合物直齿轮尺寸精度的影响，运用三维扫描技术对聚合物直齿轮打印件进行测量，分析了齿轮各部位的变形特征，进而计算出不同打印参数组合下的齿廓总偏差。采用齿距仪测量了聚合物直齿轮打印件的齿距偏差。运用极差法分析了打印参数对齿廓总偏差和齿距偏差的影响顺序。最后，采用综合平衡法获得了最优工艺参数组合：喷头温度230 ℃、底板温度87 ℃、打印速度40 mm/s、层厚0.1 mm。
- 熔融沉积成型 /
- 齿轮模型 /
- 齿廓总偏差 /
- 齿距偏差 /
- 三维扫描
Abstract: The thermal expansion and cold shrinkage of thermoplastic materials in FDM (Fused deposition modeling) process is an important factor affecting the dimensional accuracy of 3D printed parts. The influence of the printing parameters on the dimensional accuracy of polymer spur gear was studied by using orthogonal experiment with four printing parameters as control variables, including layer thickness, nozzle temperature, printing speed and bed temperature. Three-dimensional scanning technology was used to measure the printed polymer spur gears, and the deformation characteristics of each gear were analyzed, thereby determining the tooth profile deviation of the polymer spur gears. The pitch deviation was measured by pitch meter. The influence order of the printing parameters on the tooth profile deviation and pitch deviation was analyzed by using the range method. Finally, the optimal combination of printing parameters obtained by using the comprehensive balance method is as follows: nozzle temperature is 230 ℃, bed temperature is 87 ℃, printing speed is 40 mm/s, and layer thickness is 0.1 mm.
- FDM /
- gear model /
- total deviation of tooth profile /
- pitch deviation /
- 3D scanning

HTML全文

图 1 FDM聚合物直齿轮样本

Figure 1. FDM polymer spur gear sample

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 2 样本 5 的扫描模型与设计模型对齐图

Figure 2. Alignment of the scanned model and design model of sample 5

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 3 直齿轮尺寸偏差分布云图

Figure 3. Distribution cloud map of size deviations of the spur gear

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 4 节点选取示意图

Figure 4. Schematic diagram of node selection

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 5 节点齿廓偏差变化曲线

Figure 5. The variation curve of node profile deviation

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 6 齿距示意图

Figure 6. Schematic diagram of pitch

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 7 齿距选取示意图

Figure 7. Schematic diagram of pitch selection

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 8 聚合物直齿轮尺寸偏差随打印参数的变化曲线

Figure 8. The variation curve of the size deviation of the polymer spur gear with printing parameters

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

表 1 打印参数设置

Table 1. Printing parameter settings

代码	控制参数	水平1	水平2	水平3
A	喷头温度/℃	225	230	235
B	底板温度/℃	87	90	93
C	打印速度/（mm·s⁻¹）	40	50	60
D	层厚/mm	0.1	0.2	0.3

下载: 导出CSV

表 2 L₉（3⁴）正交试验表

Table 2. L₉(3⁴) orthogonal experimental table

试验编号	控制参数代码
试验编号	A	B	C	D
1	A₁	B₁	C₁	D₁
2	A₁	B₂	C₂	D₂
3	A₁	B₃	C₃	D₃
4	A₂	B₁	C₂	D₃
5	A₂	B₂	C₃	D₁
6	A₂	B₃	C₁	D₂
7	A₃	B₁	C₃	D₂
8	A₃	B₂	C₁	D₃
9	A₃	B₃	C₂	D₁

下载: 导出CSV

表 3 齿廓总偏差

Table 3. Total profile deviation mm

编号	总偏差
编号	左齿面	右齿面	齿廓
1	0.198	0.166	0.182
2	0.226	0.277	0.252
3	0.355	0.364	0.360
4	0.249	0.304	0.277
5	0.281	0.198	0.240
6	0.228	0.275	0.252
7	0.358	0.222	0.290
8	0.186	0.213	0.200
9	0.166	0.151	0.159

下载: 导出CSV

表 4 齿距偏差测量结果

Table 4. Measurement results of pitch deviation mm

齿轮	第一次	第二次	第三次	第四次	第五次	平均值
1	0.026	0.024	0.022	0.030	0.025	0.025
2	0.025	0.036	0.025	0.034	0.032	0.030
3	0.028	0.035	0.042	0.038	0.030	0.035
4	0.025	0.024	0.035	0.032	0.026	0.028
5	0.030	0.020	0.025	0.021	0.029	0.025
6	0.025	0.029	0.028	0.033	0.025	0.028
7	0.032	0.028	0.029	0.038	0.028	0.031
8	0.045	0.035	0.038	0.030	0.036	0.037
9	0.026	0.032	0.022	0.026	0.030	0.027

下载: 导出CSV

表 5 齿廓总偏差的极差分析

Table 5. Range analysis of total profile deviation

指标		A	B	C	D
齿廓总偏差/mm	K₁	0.794	0.749	0.634	0.581
	K₂	0.769	0.692	0.688	0.794
	K₃	0.649	0.771	0.890	0.837
	k₁	0.265	0.250	0.211	0.194
	k₂	0.256	0.231	0.229	0.265
	k₃	0.216	0.257	0.297	0.279
	极差R	0.049	0.026	0.086	0.085
因素主次顺序		CDAB
最优方案		C₁D₁A₃B₂

下载: 导出CSV

表 6 齿距偏差的极差分析

Table 6. Range analysis of pitch deviation

指标		A	B	C	D
齿距偏差/mm	K₁	0.090	0.084	0.090	0.077
	K₂	0.081	0.092	0.085	0.089
	K₃	0.095	0.090	0.091	0.100
	k₁	0.030	0.028	0.030	0.026
	k₂	0.027	0.031	0.028	0.030
	k₃	0.032	0.030	0.030	0.033
	极差R	0.005	0.003	0.002	0.007
因素主次顺序		DABC
最优方案		D₁A₂B₁C₂

下载: 导出CSV

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