Effect of Comprehensive Wheel-rail Wear on Dynamic Performance of High-speed Trains
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摘要: 高速铁路长时间运营，经常发生车轮多边形磨耗，并伴随钢轨波磨，两种损伤形式对列车运行特性的综合影响有待深入研究。采用简谐函数法建立车轮多边形模型，设计余弦函数描述钢轨不平顺磨耗，建立列车刚柔耦合动力学模型，分析不同车轮多边形及钢轨波磨综合磨耗情况下，列车的动力学性能的影响，并提出轮轨综合磨耗的安全限值。结果表明：在轮轨综合磨耗激扰下对列车的动力学性能的影响更为剧烈；列车运行速度为300 km/h下，轮轨垂向力增长幅值最大达到30%，车轮与25阶振型模态产生共振；车轮多边形比钢轨波磨对垂向力的影响更大；不同多边形阶次、幅值下，轮轨综合磨耗工况对轴箱、轮对以及钢轨垂向振动加速度影响更大。车轮多边形安全限值更小，多边形幅值限值平均降低了25.9%，在轮轨综合磨耗作用下更易超出限值；当速度为300 km/h，提出了钢轨波磨和车轮多边形阶次在一定范围内的安全限值。Abstract: High-speed railways have been operating for a long time, and polygonal wear of the wheels often occurs, accompanied by rail corrugation. The comprehensive influence of these two types of damage on the running characteristics of train needs further investigation. The simple harmonic function method was adopted to establish the wheel polygon model, designing the cosine function to describe the rail irregularity wear, establishing the rigid-flexible coupling vehicle dynamics model of the wheelset. The influences of different wheel polygons and rail corrugated wear on train dynamic performance were analyzed and the safety limit of comprehensive wheel-rail wear was obtained. The results show that the influence on the dynamic performance of the train is more intense under the excitation of wheel-rail comprehensive wear. When the train speed is 300 km/h, the maximum increase amplitude of wheel-rail vertical force reaches 30%, and the wheel resonates with the 25th order vibration mode. Wheel polygon has greater influence on vertical force than rail corrugation; under different polygon order and amplitude, wheel-rail comprehensive wear condition has greater influence on vertical vibration acceleration of axle box, wheelset and rail. The wheel polygon safety limit is smaller, the polygon amplitude limit is reduced by 25.9% on average, and it is easier to exceed the limit under the action of wheel-rail comprehensive wear. When the speed is 300 km/h, the safety limits of rail corrugation and wheel polygon order in a certain range are proposed.
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Key words:
- wheel polygon /
- rail corrugation /
- vehicle dynamics /
- safety limit
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图 1 Mwheel测试仪及现场测量位置
Figure 1. Mwheel test instrument and on-site measurement location
图 7 刚柔耦合动力学模型建立流程
Figure 7. The process for establishing a rigid-flexible coupled dynamic model
图 8 不同速度下轮轨垂向力最大值对比
Figure 8. Comparison of maximum vertical forces between different speeds of wheel-rail contact
图 12 不同阶次下轮轨垂向力最大值对比
Figure 12. Comparison of maximum vertical forces between different orders of wheel-rail contact
图 13 不同幅值下轮轨垂向力最大值对比
Figure 13. Comparison of maximum vertical forces at different amplitudes of wheel-rail contact
图 14 轮轨综合磨耗下随波长变化的轴箱垂向振动加速度
Figure 14. Axle box vertical vibration acceleration with varying wavelengths under comprehensive wheel-rail wear
图 15 轮轨综合磨耗下随波长变化的轮对垂向振动加速度
Figure 15. Wheel vertical vibration acceleration with varying wavelengths under comprehensive wheel-rail wear
图 16 轮轨综合磨耗下随波长变化的钢轨垂向振动加速度
Figure 16. Rail vertical vibration acceleration with varying wavelengths under comprehensive wheel-rail wear
图 17 轮轨综合磨耗下随波长变化的振动加速度最大值
Figure 17. Maximum value of vibration acceleration with varying wavelengths under comprehensive wheel-rail wear
图 18 不同阶次下的振动加速度最大值对比
Figure 18. Comparison of maximum vibration acceleration values at different orders
图 19 不同幅值下的振动加速度最大值对比
Figure 19. Comparison of maximum vibration acceleration values at different amplitudes
图 22 不同波深、阶次下车轮多边形幅值限值
Figure 22. Polygon amplitude limits at differentwave depths and orders
表 1 不同阶次车轮多边形的特征频率
Table 1. Characteristic frequencies of different-order wheel polygons
Hz 阶数 速度/（km·h−1） 200 250 300 350 10 192.3130 240.3920 288.4700 288.4700 12 230.7760 288.4700 346.1640 346.1640 14 269.2391 336.5488 403.8586 403.8586 16 307.7018 384.6272 461.5527 461.5527 18 346.1645 432.7056 519.2467 519.2467 20 384.6272 480.7840 576.9408 576.9408 22 423.0899 528.8624 634.6349 634.6349 24 461.5527 576.9408 692.3290 692.3290 26 500.0154 625.0192 750.0231 750.0231 28 538.4781 673.0976 807.7172 807.7172 30 576.9408 721.1760 865.4112 865.4112 
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表 2 车辆基本参数
Table 2. Basic vehicle parameters
转向架中心距/mm 17375 轴距/mm 2500 车轮滚动圆横向跨距/mm 1493 车轮滚动圆直径/mm 920 车体质量/t 38.884 构架质量/kg 2200 轮对质量/kg 1517 车轮型面 S1002G 钢轨型面 CN60
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表 3 轮对前36阶模态频率
Table 3. ANSYS solution process for wheelset modal analysis
阶数 模态
频率/Hz阶数 模态
频率/Hz阶数 模态
频率/Hz1 0 13 203.91 25 580.86 2 0 14 206.65 26 580.86 3 1.44 × 10−3 15 234.86 27 637.32 4 1.68 × 10−3 16 290.03 28 637.32 5 2.01 × 10−3 17 327.13 29 742.55 6 2.06 × 10−3 18 351.68 30 810.89 7 71.441 19 351.68 31 810.89 8 75.874 20 360.06 32 822.89 9 75.874 21 360.06 33 822.89 10 135.03 22 360.06 34 958 11 135.03 23 360.06 35 958 12 203.91 24 380.66 36 958
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