Orthogonal Optimization Design of Direct Current Section of Diesel Engine Helical Intake Port
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摘要: 通过构建YN33柴油机气道-气门-燃烧室计算流体动力学(Computational fluid dynamics，CFD)模型，以涡流比和进气量作为评价指标，对柴油机螺旋进气道直流段的直流段上偏角、直流段下偏角、直流段长度这3个关键结构参数进行正交优化设计。结果表明：直流段长度对缸内涡流比、进气量的影响最大；直流段上偏角、直流段下偏角及直流段长度3个参数，分别取值82°、85°和69 mm时，可使缸内涡流比和进气量相对原机分别提高26.02%与5.50%；在此条件下，放热率峰值和累积放热量与原机相比分别增加了4.92%和8.29%。Abstract: Based on the computational fluid dynamics (CFD) model for YN33 diesel engine, three key structural parameters of helical intake port direct current (DC) section are optimized by using the orthogonal optimization design. Those three parameters are the upper deflection angle of DC section, the lower deflection angle of DC section and the length of DC section. In addition, swirl ratio and air input are used as evaluation indexes. The results show that the length of the DC section has the greatest influence on the swirl ratio and air input. When the upper deflection angle of the DC section, the lower deflection angle of the DC section and the length of the DC section are 82°, 85° and 69 mm, respectively, the in-cylinder swirl ratio and intake air volume can be increased by 26.02% and 5.50%, respectively, comparing with the original machine. Under the present condition, the peak heat release rate and accumulated heat release increased by 4.92% and 8.29% respectively comparing with the original machine.
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图 1 YN柴油机进、排气门升程曲线
Figure 1. Intake and exhaust valve lift curves for the YN diesel engine
图 5 计算过程中的CFD模型网格数量
Figure 5. Number of grids in the CFD model during the calculation process
图 7 YN螺旋进气道在缸盖中的定位
Figure 7. Positioning of the spiral air inlet duct in the cylinder head of the YN engine
图 8 螺旋气道直流段设计参数定义
Figure 8. Design parameter definitions for the straight section of the spiral air inlet duct
图 9 螺旋气道直流段上限
Figure 9. Upper limit of the straight section of the spiral air inlet duct
图 10 螺旋气道直流段下限
Figure 10. Lower limit of the straight section of the spiral air inlet duct
图 11 螺旋气道直流段设计边界
Figure 11. Design boundaries of the straight section of the spiral air inlet duct
图 13 原机-上限的进气量
Figure 13. Intake air mass flow rate at the upper limit of the original engine
图 15 原机-下限的进气量
Figure 15. Intake air mass flow rate at the lower limit of the original engine
图 16 气道直流段的因素与水平对涡流比的影响
Figure 16. The influence of factors and levels of the straight section of the air inlet duct on vortex ratio
图 17 气道直流段的因素与水平对进气量的影响
Figure 17. The influence of factors and levels of the straight section on intake air mass flow rate
图 18 直流段关键结构参数对缸内压力的影响
Figure 18. The influence of the key structural parameters of the straight section on in-cylinder pressure
图 19 直流段关键结构参数对缸内温度的影响
Figure 19. The influence of the key structural parameters of the straight section on in-cylinder temperature
图 20 直流段关键结构参数对放热率的影响
Figure 20. The influence of the key structural parameters of the straight section on heat release rate
图 21 直流段关键结构参数对累积放热量的影响
Figure 21. The influence of the key structural parameters of the straight section on cumulative heat release
表 1 YN柴油机主要技术参数
Table 1. The main technical parameters of the YN diesel engine
参数 数值 型号 YN33CRD1 型式 4缸直列、4冲程 缸径×行程/mm 100×105 发动机排量/L 3.298 压缩比 17.5∶1 标定功率/kW 85 (3 200 r/min) 最大扭矩/Nm 300 (1 600~2 400 r/min) 气门重叠角/℃A 11 燃烧室型式 直喷ω型 气缸套型式 湿式 增压系统 废气涡轮增压器 燃油系统 BOSCH高压共轨系统 
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表 2 原机-边界直流段参数对比
Table 2. Comparison of original engine and boundary straight section parameters
名称 α β α/β L Lold/Lnew AB ABold/ABnew AC ACold/ACnew γ γold/γnew 原机 84° 82° 1.024 71 192.8 192.2 14° 边界 75° 75° 1 73 0.973 131 1.472 131 1.467 30° 0.467
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表 3 正交试验因素水平表
Table 3. Levels of orthogonal experimental factors
水平 α/(°) β/(°) L/mm 1 86 85 73 2 84 82 71 3 82 79 69
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表 4 试验方案及试验结果
Table 4. Experimental design and results
方案 α/(°) β/(°) L/mm 涡流比 进气量/g 1 86 85 73 3.02 1.47 2 86 82 71 3.44 1.57 3 86 79 69 3.66 1.60 4 84 79 73 3.19 1.49 5 84 85 71 3.72 1.55 6 84 82 69 4.07 1.59 7 82 82 73 3.27 1.52 8 82 79 71 3.83 1.56 9 82 85 69 4.15 1.59
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表 5 试验结果分析
Table 5. Analysis of experimental results
指标 α/(°) β/(°) L/mm K1 10.12 10.89 9.48 K2 10.98 10.78 10.99 K3 11.25 10.68 11.88 涡流比 k1 3.37 3.63 3.16 k2 3.66 3.59 3.66 k3 3.75 3.56 3.96 极差RA 0.38 0.07 0.80 K1 4.64 4.61 4.48 K2 4.63 4.68 4.68 K3 4.67 4.65 4.78 进气量/g k1 1.55 1.54 1.49 k2 1.54 1.56 1.56 k3 1.56 1.55 1.59 极差RB 0.01 0.02 0.10
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