精密机床电主轴静压轴承制造误差对性能的影响

贾谦; 阮琪; 王贺; 吴世杰; 崔展; 闫菲菲; 杨帅

doi:10.13433/j.cnki.1003-8728.20220065

精密机床电主轴静压轴承制造误差对性能的影响

doi: 10.13433/j.cnki.1003-8728.20220065

贾谦^{1, 2,},
阮琪³,
王贺⁴,
吴世杰⁴,
崔展⁵,
闫菲菲^{1, 2},
杨帅⁵

1.
西安交通大学城市学院机械工程系，西安　710018
2.
西安交通大学城市学院机械系统控制与机器人应用研究所，西安　710018
3.
中检西部检测有限公司，西安　710032
4.
西安交通大学现代设计及转子轴承系统教育部重点实验室，西安　710049
5.
西安理工大学机械与精密仪器工程学院，西安　710048

基金项目: 科技部创新方法工作专项（2019MO10203）与2022年陕西省教育厅研究计划项目（22JK0446）

详细信息

作者简介:
贾谦（1981−），讲师，博士，研究方向为现代机械设计、现代测试技术，qianjia@mail.xjtu.edu.cn

中图分类号: TH133.36
计量
- 文章访问数: 110
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- PDF下载量: 21
- 被引次数: 0
出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2021-06-08
- 网络出版日期: 2023-09-13
- 刊出日期: 2023-08-31

Study on Influence of Manufacturing Errors on Performance of Spindle Hydrostatic Bearing in Precision Machine Tool

JIA Qian^{1, 2
,},
RUAN Qi³,
WANG He⁴,
WU Shijie⁴,
CUI Zhan⁵,
YAN Feifei^{1, 2},
YANG Shuai⁵

1.
Department of Mechanical Engineering, Xi′an Jiaotong University City College, Xi′an 710018, China
2.
Institute of Mechanical System Control and Robot Application, Xi'an Jiaotong University City College, Xi'an 710018, China
3.
China National Inspection West Inspection Co., Ltd., Xi'an 710032, China
4.
Key Laboratory of Modern Design and Rotator Bearing System of Ministry of Education, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an710049, China
5.
School of Mechanical and Precision Instrument Engineering, Xi'an University of Technology, Xi'an 710048, China

摘要

摘要: 分析了精密机床主轴静压轴承节流器孔径d₀、轴承半径间隙h₀、油腔长度L和油腔宽度B等参数的制造误差，选取了制造误差影响较大的节流孔径d₀和半径间隙h₀作为分析的对象；建立了考虑节流孔径误差ε_d和半径间隙误差ε_h的静压轴承性能计算模型，计算分析了ε_d和ε_h影响下的轴承刚度J和回转精度e，并通过试验对理论分析结果进行了验证。研究结果表明：制造误差ε_d和ε_h对J的影响随载荷W的增加而增大，W为600 N、ε_d为0.05 mm时的J值是ε_d为−0.05 mm时的1.34倍，ε_h为10 μm时的J值仅为ε_h为−10 μm时的29.9%；对于e，ε_d会带来1 μm左右的影响，ε_h会带来2 μm左右的影响。
- 精密机床 /
- 静压轴承 /
- 制造误差 /
- 刚度 /
- 回转精度
Abstract: The manufacturing errors of the hydrostatic bearing throttle aperture d₀, bearing radius clearance h₀, oil cavity length L and oil cavity width B of the precision machine tool spindleare analyzed, and the throttle aperture d₀ and radius clearance h₀ that have a greater impact on manufacturing errors as the object are selected. A calculation model for hydrostatic bearing performance considering the throttle aperture error ε_d and radius clearance error ε_h is established. The bearing stiffness J and rotation accuracy e under the influence of ε_d and ε_h are calculated and analyzed, and the theoretical analysis results are verified by experiments.The research results show that the influence of manufacturing error ε_d and ε_h on J increases with the increase of load W. When W is 600 N and ε_d is 0.05 mm, the value of J is 1.34 times that when ε_d is −0.05 mm, and ε_h is 10 μm. The J value at ε_h is only 29.9% when ε_h is −10 μm; for e, ε_d will bring about 1 μm, and ε_h will increase about 2 μm influence.
- precision machine tool /
- hydrostatic bearing /
- manufacturing error /
- stiffness /
- slewing accuracy

HTML全文

图 1 高精密静压主轴结构

Figure 1. High-precision hydrostatic main shaft structure

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图 2 静压轴承的结构

Figure 2. Hydrostatic bearing structure

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图 3 节流器和润滑系统

Figure 3. Throttling device and lubrication system

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图 4 半径间隙示意图

Figure 4. Schematic diagram of radial clearance

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图 5 油腔尺寸示意图

Figure 5. Schematic diagram of oil chamber dimensions

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图 6 轴承承载图

Figure 6. Load diagram for the bearing

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图 7 考虑制造误差的计算流程

Figure 7. Calculation process considering manufacturing errors

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图 8 小孔直径误差-油膜刚度关系

Figure 8. The relationship between small hole diameter error and oil film rigidity

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图 9 半径间隙误差-油膜刚度关系

Figure 9. The relationship between radial clearance error and oil film rigidity

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图 10 小孔直径-轴径位移关系

Figure 10. The relationship between small hole diameter and shaft displacement

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图 11 半径间隙-轴径位移关系

Figure 11. The relationship between radial clearance and shaft displacement

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图 12 试验轴承及试验台

Figure 12. Experimental bearing and test rig

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表 1 静压轴承的结构参数

Table 1. Structural parameters for the hydrostatic bearing

参数	数值
轴承内径D/mm	80
轴承宽度L/mm	95
轴向封油面宽度L₁/mm	8
回油槽宽度b₁/mm	4
小孔节流比β	1.71
半径间隙h₀/mm	0.04
半静压腔包角θ₁/（°）	22.5
润滑液黏度μ/（N·s·cm⁻³）	1.32 × 10⁻⁶

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表 2 静压轴承的刚度及回转精度测试结果

Table 2. Rigidity and rotational accuracy test results for the hydrostatic bearing

参数	数值
刚度J/ (N·μm⁻¹)	25 ~ 44
水平振幅e_x/μm	2.6 ~ 10.1
垂直振幅e_y/μm	2.8 ~ 9.6

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