Self-compensation Method for Thermally Induced Preload of Machine Tool Spindle Bearing
-
摘要: 针对高速机床主轴轴承在主轴转速、负载及初始预紧力影响作用下,产生附加热诱导预紧力的问题,提出一种基于分离式隔圈的机床主轴轴承热诱导预紧力自补偿方法,实现了主轴轴承热诱导预紧力自补偿。首先,建立了主轴单元热结构耦合分析模型,分析了不同温度及载荷下,分离式隔圈的轴向相对位移;其次,利用高速机床主轴轴承试验平台研究了补偿前后不同主轴转速和初始预紧力下主轴单元振动和轴承温升的变化规律。结果表明,隔圈相对位移随温度成线性变化,而初始预紧力对其几乎没有影响;且采用分离式隔圈相较于传统的一体式隔圈,主轴单元振动略有增加,但轴承温升显著减小,说明所设计分离式隔圈能够有效降低热诱导预紧力。Abstract: In order to solve the problem of thermally induced preload of spindle bearing of high-speed machine tool under different spindle speeds, cutting loads and initial preloads, a new method of temperature self-compensation with separated spacer was proposed to realize the self-compensation of thermally induced preload of spindle bearing. Firstly, the thermal structure coupling analysis model of the spindle unit was established to analyze the relative axial displacement of the separated spacers under different temperatures and thermally induced preloads. Secondly, the vibration of the main engine and the temperature rise of the bearing before and after compensation were studied with different spindle speeds and the initial preloads with the spindle bearing test platform of high-speed machine tool. The results show that the relative displacement of the spacer varies linearly with temperature, and the initial preload has almost no effect on it. Compared with the traditional integrated spacer, the vibration of the main engine is slightly increased and the temperature rise of the bearing is significantly reduced with the separated spacer, which indicates that the designed separated spacer can effectively reduce the heat-induced preload.
-
Key words:
- spindle bearing /
- thermally induced /
- preload /
- self-compensation
-
表 1 传感器规格及相关技术指标
传感器 量程 分辨率 误差 供电电压 输出电压 温度传感器JM202V 0 ~ 200 ℃ 0.01 ℃ ± 0.5% 24 V 0 ~ 5 V 振动传感器HS100 0 ~ 16 g 0.000 1 g ± 0.1% 24 V 0 ~ 10 V -
[1] 尚伟, 陆天炜. 凸轮润滑实验台精密主轴设计[J]. 机械工程师, 2016(7): 57-59. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1002-2333.2016.07.023SHANG W, LU T W. Design of precision spindle for cam lubrication test rig[J]. Mechanical Engineer, 2016(7): 57-59. (in Chinese) doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1002-2333.2016.07.023 [2] CAO H R, HOLKUP T, ALTINTAS Y. A comparative study on the dynamics of high speed spindles with respect to different preload mechanisms[J]. The International Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Technology, 2011, 57(9): 871-883. [3] ZHANG J H, FANG B, ZHU Y S, et al. A comparative study and stiffness analysis of angular contact ball bearings under different preload mechanisms[J]. Mechanism and Machine Theory, 2017, 115: 1-17. doi: 10.1016/j.mechmachtheory.2017.03.012 [4] CIOU Y S, LEE C Y. Controllable preload spindle with a piezoelectric actuator for machine tools[J]. International Journal of Machine Tools and Manufacture, 2019, 139: 60-63. doi: 10.1016/j.ijmachtools.2019.01.004 [5] THAN V T, HUANG J H. Nonlinear thermal effects on high-speed spindle bearings subjected to preload[J]. Tribology International, 2016, 96: 361-372. doi: 10.1016/j.triboint.2015.12.029 [6] LI X H, ZHANG Y F, HAN Y C, et al. Preload state detection for precision spindle bearings based on multi-level classification[J]. Journal of Mechanical Science and Technology, 2020, 34(11): 4393-4403. doi: 10.1007/s12206-020-1004-8 [7] LI J H, LEI C L, GONG B R, et al. Modeling and analysis of the composite stiffness for angular contact ball bearings[J]. Shock and Vibration, 2020, 2020: 8832750. [8] LIU J. A dynamic modelling method of a rotor-roller bearing-housing system with a localized fault including the additional excitation zone[J]. Journal of Sound and Vibration, 2020, 469: 115144. doi: 10.1016/j.jsv.2019.115144 [9] 蔡力钢, 杨勇, 刘志峰, 等. 定压预紧下角接触球轴承的动力学建模方法[J]. 北京工业大学学报, 2014, 40(5): 667-673. doi: 10.11936/bjutxb2014050667CAI L G, YANG Y, LIU Z F, et al. Dynamics modeling method for angular contact ball bearing under constant preload[J]. Journal of Beijing University of Technology, 2014, 40(5): 667-673. (in Chinese) doi: 10.11936/bjutxb2014050667 [10] 李建栋, 朱永生, 熊青青, 等. 定压预紧主轴轴向动态刚度特性研究[J]. 西安交通大学学报, 2014, 48(10): 126-130. doi: 10.7652/xjtuxb201410020LI J D, ZHU Y S, XIONG Q Q, et al. Research on axial dynamic stiffness of fix-pressure spindle[J]. Journal of Xi'an Jiaotong University, 2014, 48(10): 126-130. (in Chinese) doi: 10.7652/xjtuxb201410020 [11] YAN K, YAN B, WANG Y T, et al. Study on thermal induced preload of ball bearing with temperature compensation based on state observer approach[J]. The International Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Technology, 2018, 94(9-12): 3029-3040. doi: 10.1007/s00170-016-9469-4