A New Reliability Optimization Design Method of Vehicle Exhaust System
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摘要: 针对以总布置为目标的传统设计方法不能够满足排气系统可靠性要求,提出一种基于改进蚁群算法的排气系统可靠性优化设计方法。通过对概率因子优化、挥发条件动态处理机制以及引入最大-最小蚂蚁系统3个方面对传统蚁群算法进行改进。结合CAE仿真模拟计算、应力谱采集以及二次响应面拟合法构建可靠性寿命预测模型,利用改进蚁群算法进行优化设计求解。结果表明,排气系统所受最大应力由原来的175.11 MPa减小为158.92 MPa,可靠性寿命计算值由5 623.69 h提升至6 165.95 h。该方法有效提升排气系统可靠性寿命。Abstract: Aiming at the problem that the traditional design method with the goal of the general layout cannot fully meet the reliability requirements of the exhaust system. In this paper, we propose a new design method ofoptimizing the reliability of exhaust systems based on an improved ant colony algorithm. The traditional ant colony algorithm is improved by optimizing the probability factor, the dynamic processing mechanism of volatile conditions and the introduction to a max-min ant system. A reliability life prediction model is constructed by combining CAE simulation, stress spectrum acquisition and quadratic response surface fitting method, and the improved ant colony algorithm is used to solve the optimal design. The results show that the maximum stress on the exhaust system reduced from 175.11 MPa to 158.92 MPa, and the calculated reliability life increased from 5623.69 h to 6165.95 h. This new method effectively improves the reliability life of the vehicle exhaust system.
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Key words:
- exhaust system /
- reliability /
- stress spectrum /
- ant colony algorithm /
- CAE
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表 1 CAE材料信息
材料名称 密度/(kg·m−3) E/GPa λ σ0.2 /Pa Q235A/B 7850 200 0.3 235 SUS304/441 7750 193 0.31 207 SUH409 7750 193 0.31 207 表 2 损伤耦合值计算结果
应力/
MPa应力幅
值Sa应力均
值Sm循环次
数ni损伤
(1/Ni)总损伤
(ni/Ni)1 134.5 12.63 1 3.273×10−6 3.273×10−6 2 114.401 12.63 6 1.712×10−6 1.027×10−5 3 96.802 12.63 51 8.871×10−7 4.478×10−5 4 76.69 12.63 189 3.459×10−7 6.538×10−5 5 57.4 12.63 520 1.086×10−7 5.647×10−5 6 36.46 12.63 2415 1.767×10−8 4.267×10−5 7 19.08 12.63 10445 1.325×10−9 1.384×10−5 8 9.50 12.63 22071 8.140×10−11 1.797×10−6 9 3.77 12.63 133600 2.020×10−12 2.699×10−7 表 3 位置坐标约束范围
参数 设计原始值 优化变更范围/mm 前吊钩位置尺寸A0 0 (−10.0,15.5) 中左吊钩位置尺寸A1 573 (562.0,590.4) 中右吊钩位置尺寸A2 573 (567.0,584.7) 表 4 排气系统仿真最大应力值
序号 A0/ mm A1/ mm A2/ mm CAE计算值/ MPa 1 0.0 584.4 569.7 96.9 2 −2.9 580.3 576.2 102.9 3 10.7 573.5 583.6 117.5 4 −7.6 585.6 579.3 104.2 5 12.4 563.8 574.9 156.8 $\vdots $ $\vdots $ $\vdots $ $\vdots $ $\vdots $ 50 −8.6 589.6 578.2 110.5 表 5 排气系统可靠性优化结果对比
算法 A1, A2, A3 / mm 最大应力 σmax 应力−寿命法
计算值/ h初始值 (0, 573, 573) 175.11 5623.69 IACC (−10, 562, 571.7) 158.92 6165.95 ACC (−9.5, 568.3, 572.5) 165.30 5984.75 GA (−8.3, 569.3, 569.8) 166.26 5904.32 PSO (−10.3, 563.6, 572.6) 160.66 6067.54 SA (−9.8, 570.3, 574.9) 167.63 5897.45 表 6 优化前后试验结果数据对比
状态 应变极限值/μE 吊钩A0 吊钩A1 吊钩A2 优化前 378.3 32.02 214.8 优化后 274.6 32.01 158.1 -
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