超声疲劳试样动态应变测量及应力检定方法

彭文杰; 吴圣川; 薛欢; 彭周; 刘冬

doi:10.13433/j.cnki.1003-8728.20200606

超声疲劳试样动态应变测量及应力检定方法

doi: 10.13433/j.cnki.1003-8728.20200606

彭文杰^{1, 2,},
吴圣川³,
薛欢⁴,
彭周²,
刘冬²

1.
武昌理工学院人工智能学院，武汉　430223
2.
宝钢股份中央研究院，武汉　430080
3.
西南交通大学牵引动力国家重点实验室，成都　610031
4.
湖北工业大学，武汉　430068

基金项目: 国家自然科学基金大科学装置联合基金培育项目（U2032121）

详细信息

作者简介:
彭文杰（1982−），正高级工程师，博士，研究方向为金属材料力学性能测试等，popchai@163.com

中图分类号: TG115
计量
- 文章访问数: 100
- HTML全文浏览量: 66
- PDF下载量: 18
- 被引次数: 0
出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2021-04-08
- 刊出日期: 2023-02-25

Measurement Approach of Dynamic Strain and Stress Calibration for Ultrasonic Fatigue Specimen

1.
School of Artificial Intelligence, Wuchang University of Technology, Wuhan 430223, China
2.
Central Research Institute, Baoshan Iron & Steel Co., Ltd., Wuhan 430080, China
3.
State Key Laboratory of Traction Power, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 610031, China
4.
Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan 430068, China

摘要

摘要: 超声疲劳试验技术是实现超高周疲劳测试的有效手段。然而，目前超声疲劳测试缺少应力检定方法，难以保证测试结果的可靠性与准确性。本文首先给出了超声疲劳测试中不同形状试样的设计方法和应力分布理论公式；然后，利用高速动态应变仪和高速相机对不同形状超声疲劳试样的动态应变进行测量，并将测试值和理论值进行了对比分析，证明了超声疲劳试样应变测量的可行性与准确性。在此基础上，提出了基于应变测量结果的超声疲劳试验检定方法，利用测得的应变值对应力值进行校核或修约，有效保证了超声疲劳测试的可靠性和准确性。
- 超高周疲劳 /
- 试样设计 /
- 动态应变 /
- 应力检定
Abstract: Ultrasonic fatigue technology offers an alternative and effective method for very high cycle fatigue testing. However, there is no stress calibration method for ultrasonic fatigue testing to assure the testing reliability and accuracy.Ultrasonic specimen design and stress distribution formula of different shapes are firstly introduced in this work. Then, high speed strain gauge and high speed camera based digital image correlation are utilized to measure the dynamic strain of ultrasonic fatigue specimen. The consistency of the measured results and the theoretical values confirms the feasibility of strain calibration for the ultrasonic fatigue specimen. As the linearity of the ultrasonic testing system, the stress can be calibrated according to the measured strain and the dynamic elastic modulus to ensure the reliability and accuracy of ultrasonic fatigue test results.
- very high cycle fatigue /
- specimen design /
- dynamic strain /
- stress calibration

HTML全文

图 1 几种常见的超声疲劳试样

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图 2 基于有限元的狗骨形试样设计窗口程序界面

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图 3 基于有限元的超声疲劳试样设计流程

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图 4 板状试样和沙漏形试样之间的应力转换

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图 5 板状试样和沙漏形试样应力转换窗口程序

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图 6 利用激光位移传感器测量超声疲劳振动位移

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图 7 基于高速应变仪的超声疲劳试样应变采集

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图 8 U₀=19.6 μm时高速应变系统采集到的应变

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图 9 FFT得到的3个不同位移幅值对应的应变频谱图

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图 10 基于DIC高速相机的沙漏形试样应变测量

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图 11 高速相机拍摄的试样中间部位

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图 12 基于DIC得到的沙漏形试样轴向应变历程

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图 13 FFT得到的DIC测量应变频谱图

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表 1 等截面圆柱试样应变幅测量值和理论值对比

位移幅值	测量值ε′	理论值ε⁰	ε′/ε⁰
14.7 μm	3.536 × 10⁻⁴	3.572 × 10⁻⁴	98.99%
19.6 μm	4.726 × 10⁻⁴	4.762 × 10⁻⁴	99.24%
24.5 μm	5.879 × 10⁻⁴	5.953 × 10⁻⁴	98.76%

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表 2 高速相机和高速应变仪测试方法优缺点对比

	优点	缺点
高速相机/非接触式	可以得到全场应变	价格较为昂贵
高速相机/非接触式	适用于沙漏形等应力梯度较大的试样	测量10⁻⁴数量级的微小应变可能会产生较大误差
高速应变系统/接触式	成本较低	对黏贴应变片的工艺要求较高
高速应变系统/接触式	更适用于10⁻⁴数量级的微小应变测量	适用于板状和较大直径的等截面圆柱形及狗骨形试样

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