Design and Experimental Study of Multifunctional Rotor-bearing Test Platform using Comprehensive Design Method
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摘要: 以大型旋转机械转子系统为研究对象,利用综合设计法设计模拟试验装置。功能优化设计通过编写试验台任务书,确认系统的功能,通过二级模糊评价方法确认总体设计方案。动态优化设计完成基于ANSYS Workbench仿真分析软件对四跨转子系统进行模态分析与谐响应分析,获得前六阶固有频率及振型。研究不同支撑刚度对转子系统临界转速的影响,通过坎贝尔图观察随着转速的升高,转子系统的固有频率的变化情况,还通过谐响应分析得出在不同载荷下转子系统的振幅规律。智能优化设计完成了平行不对中与偏角不对中实验装置的设计,可以精确控制不对中量。试验研究偏角不对中做了不对中量为1°与2°两组试验研究;平行不对中做了不对中量为1 mm与2 mm两组试验研究。系统不仅会有工频还会出现二倍频,随着偏角不对中量的增加二倍频成分也更加明显,幅值会增大;轴心轨迹出现″8″字形与内凹形。出现平行不对中时系统二倍频占主要成分且出现明显的三倍频。Abstract: To study the rotor system of a large-scale rotating machine, the comprehensive design method is used to design the simulation test device.With the two-level fuzzy evaluation method, the function of the optimal design confirms that of the rotor system through compiling the task book of the test-bed and the overall design scheme,completing the dynamic optimization design. Based on the ANSYS Workbench simulation analysis software, the modal analysis and harmonic response analysis of the four-span rotor system are carried out, and the first six natural frequencies and vibration modes are obtained. The influence of different support stiffness on the critical speed of the rotor system is studied. The Campbell diagram is used to observe the changes of the natural frequency of the rotor system with the increase of speed. The amplitude law of the rotor system under different loads is obtained by harmonic response analysis. With the intelligent optimization design, the parallel misalignment and misalignment experimental devices are designed, being able to accurately control the misalignment. The experimental studiesof the misalignment of deflection angles, i.e. 1° and 2° misalignment, and of the 1 mm and 2 mm misalignments for parallel misalignmentwere carried out. The rotorsystem hasits power frequency and double frequency. With the increase of the deflection angle misalignment, the double frequency component becomes more obvious, and the amplitude increases; the axis track appears in the shape of "8" and concave. When parallel misalignment occurs, the double frequency of the rotor system is the main one and there is an obvious triple frequency.
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表 1 初步设计方案
序号 分功能与
系统结构功能实现方式与结构 A B C 1 传动方式 直接 间隔 隔震垫 2 隔震方式 一次 两次 3 隔震原件 橡胶弹簧 隔震垫 4 转速控制 手动 调速器 5 轴盘接触 锥轴 压紧套 6 联轴器类型 膜片联轴器 齿式联轴器 滑块
联轴器7 驱动 直流电机 交流电机 8 保护装置 铁丝保护网 塑料保护罩 9 油压控制 油压泵 手动 10 传感器选择 光电+加速度 光电+速度 光电+位移 表 2 材料属性
物体名称 材料 杨氏模量/Pa 密度/(kg·m−3) 泊松比 轴、转子 40 Cr 2.11×1011 7900 0.3 表 3 支承刚度为1×106 Nm时的固有频率
阶次 1 2 3 4 5 频率/Hz 40.2 59.2 65.3 85.1 109.2 表 4 支承刚度为2×107 Nm时的固有频率
阶次 1 2 3 4 5 6 频率/Hz 40.2 59.9 66.7 86.6 111.1 144.8 表 5 支承刚度为2×108 Nm时的固有频率
阶次 1 2 3 4 5 6 频率/Hz 40.2 60.8 67.8 88.1 113.8 147.6 -
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