水下航行器流场特性与辐射噪声数值研究

摘要: 为了更好的了解水下航行器的流场特性及辐射噪声的变化规律, 采用SST k-ω模型, 运用流体仿真软件, 提取了水下航行器在3种来流速度工况下的表面压力分布, 总结了阻力系数随时间的变化规律, 推导了航行器鼻端处压力的变化, 仿真得出了航行器在对称面上的速度分布情况。把壁面压力脉动作为偶极子声源, 采用直接边界元法(BEM), 仿真计算得到声压云图和场点声功率级的分布情况。在轴向上安装探测器, 来讨论壳体辐射噪声轴向变化特性。研究结果表明: 来流速度越大, 航行器所受到的阻力和压力都随之增大, 且航行器结构辐射噪声也增大; 声场中距离航行器越近的点, 其声压越大, 且声压在近场区域衰减的速度较快, 通过仿真所得到的航行器辐射噪声的变化规律具有准确性和可行性。
- 水下航行器 /
- 流场特性 /
- 辐射噪声 /
- BEM /
- 偶极子
Abstract: In order to better understand the flow field characteristics of an underwater vehicle and the change law of radiated noise, the SST k-ω model and fluid simulation software are used to extract the surface pressure of the underwater vehicle under three flow velocity conditions. The paper summarizes the change law of drag coefficient over time, derives the change of pressure at the nose of an aircraft and simulates the velocity distribution of the aircraft on its symmetrical plane. The wall pressure pulse is used as a dipole sound source, and the direct boundary element method (BEM) is used to simulate and calculate the sound pressure cloud diagram and the distribution of the sound power level of a field point. A detector in the axial direction is installed to discuss the axial variation characteristics of shell radiation noise. The research results show that the higher the incoming flow velocity, the greater the resistance and pressure experienced by the aircraft, and the larger the radiated noise of the aircraft structure; the closer to the aircraft the point in the sound field, the greater the sound pressure. In addition, the sound pressure attenuates faster in the near-field region, and the variation law of the aircraft radiated noise obtained by simulation is accurate and feasible.
- underwater vehicle /
- flow field characteristics /
- radiated noise /
- boundary element method /
- dipole

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图 1 数值计算模型

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图 2 外流域与边界设置

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图 3 对称面上的网格分布

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图 4 阻力系数

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图 5 不同来流速度下航行器表面压力云图

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图 6 数据点的设置

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图 7 不同来流速度下数据点的压力变化

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图 8 不同水深下数据点的压力变化

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图 9 40 kn时航行器的速度云图

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图 10 外声场边界元模型

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图 11 声压云图

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图 12 不同来流速度下场点声功率级频谱

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图 13 不同水深下面场点声功率级频谱

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图 14 探测器安装位置示意图

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图 15 探测器声压级频谱曲线

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图 16 特征点处的声压值

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