振动传递路径频域分析方法研究进展

摘要: 飞机、汽车等复杂系统的过度振动常常会造成结构的局部破坏。而传递路径分析（TPA）方法是研究系统振动主要工具之一，常用来分析这类振动的各路径振动贡献量，辨识振动的主要来源。经过近40年的发展，TPA方法已经衍生出了传统传递路径分析（CTPA）、工况传递路径分析（OTPA/OPA）、拓展工况传递路径分析（OPAX）、快速传递路径分析（FTPA）、多级传递路径分析（MTPA），混合传递路径分析（HTPA），逆子结构传递路径分析（ITPA）以及全局直接传递率（GTDT）等8种方法。为了在振动传递问题分析中更好地理解和应用不同TPA方法，回顾了这些方法的历史，归纳总结了其基本原理和特点，比较研究了不同TPA方法的应用情况；最后结合大型客机座椅舒适性研究，讨论了各种TPA方法的适用性，并对TPA方法未来的发展作了展望。
- TPA分类 /
- 系统振动 /
- 振动贡献量 /
- 客机舒适性
Abstract: The structural local damage can be caused by excessive vibration level of complex structural system, such as aircraft and automobile. The transfer path analysis (TPA) methods are main tools to study structural system vibration. The vibration load contribution of each path and the main source of vibration are usually identified using TPA methods. Nearly for 40 years, 8 TPA methods have been developed including conventional TPA (CTPA), operational TPA (OTPA/OPA), operational path analysis with exogeneous inputs (OPAX), fast TPA (FTPA), multi-level TPA (MTPA), hybrid TPA (HTPA), inverse substructure TPA (ITPA) and global transfer direct transfer method (GTDT). In order to better understand different TPA methods in vibration transmission analysis and use those to identify seat vibration sources of large civil airplane for comfort design, these TPA methods are reviewed, their basic principles and characteristics are summarized. And the applications of different TPA methods are compared. Finally, based on the study of seat comfort of airliner, the applicability of these methods is discussed, and some suggestions are given for the future study of TPA methods.
- transfer path analysis /
- vibration load /
- vibration contribution /
- airliner comfort

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图 1 CTPA方法示意图

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图 2 OPAX方法示意图

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图 3 快速分析方法示意图

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图 4 子结构示意图

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表 1 各TPA方法分类和特点

方法	精度	效率	实验数据量	可操作性	是否需拆除主动端	关键步骤
CTPA	高	较低	大	较差	是	识别载荷
OTPA	较低	高	小	好	否	计算传递率矩阵
OPAX	高	中	中	较差	是	建立参数化模型识别载荷
FTPA	中	中	小	好	否	识别外载荷
MTPA	中	中	小	好	否	识别外载荷
ITPA	高	中	中	较差	否	计算子结构传递函数
GTDT	高	中	中	好	否	计算GTF
HTPA	高	较低	小	好	-	建立高质量有限元模型

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