Study on Energy Management Strategy of Hybrid Energy Storage System for Electric Vehicles
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摘要: 针对电动汽车单一动力电池功率密度低、循环寿命短、接收暂态功率等问题,设计了由动力电池和超级电容组成的复合能源系统,提出了基于小波变换-模糊控制的能量管理策略,并对不同分解层数的小波变换进行评价和选择。该控制策略利用小波变换将需求功率分解成低频成分和高频成分,并根据能量源的动态响应特性进行分配,避免动力电池接收暂态功率;为了充分利用超级电容“削峰填谷”的作用来提高电池的性能和循环寿命,采用模糊控制将超级电容的荷电状态(State of charge, SOC)维持在合适的范围内。建立MATLAB/Simulink仿真模型基于随机组合的循环工况验证所提策略的有效性,并与传统的控制策略进行比较。仿真结果表明:采用所提出的能量管理策略可以有效地减少峰值电流对动力电池的冲击,并且相比于单一电源的电动汽车还可以将能量利用率提高5.96%,电池的最大输出电流降低了57.1%,电池的温升降低了35.3%。Abstract: Aiming at the low power density, short cycle life and transient power reception of single battery in electric vehicle, a hybrid energy storage system being composed of power battery and supercapacitor was designed. The energy management strategy based on the wavelet transform-fuzzy control was proposed, and the wavelet transform of different decomposition levels was evaluated and selected. The present control strategy used wavelet transform to decompose the power demand into low frequency and high frequency components, and distributed them according to the dynamic response characteristics of the energy sources, so as to avoid the reception of transient power of battery. In order to fully utilize the load shifting rule of supercapacitor to improve the performance and cycle life of battery, fuzzy control was adopted to maintain the SOC value of supercapacitor within appropriate limits. MATLAB/Simulink simulation model was established to verify the effectiveness of the present control strategy based on the driving cycles randomly combined, and compared with the conventional control strategy. The simulation results show that the present energy management strategy can not only effectively prevent the battery from high-current impact, but also improve the energy utilization rate by 5.96% comparing with the single battery used in electric vehicle. The maximum battery output current decreases by 57.1%, and battery temperature rise decreases by 35.3%.
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Key words:
- electric vehicle /
- transient power /
- hybrid energy storage system /
- wavelet transform /
- fuzzy control
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表 1 复合能源系统电动汽车主要参数
部件名称 参数名称 数值 整车 迎风面积 2.19 m2 车轮滚动半径 0.262 m 空气阻力系数 0.32 滚阻系数 0.02 主减速比 5.67 镍氢动力电池 额定电压 12 V 容量 90 Ah 数量 27 Maxwell PC2500
超级电容额定电压 2.7 V 容量 1000 F 数量 119 表 2 复合能源电动汽车动力性能
名称 最大速度/
(km·h−1)0~50 km/h
加速时间/s最大爬
坡度/%续驶里
程/km性能需求 >120 <5 >20(50 km/h) >170 匹配结果 149 2.8 32.4 174.6 表 3 典型循环工况的能量源性能需求
性能参数 NYCC China UDDS NEDC HWFET 正能量需求/kJ 1680.36 7266.48 8093.61 7266.99 10336.5 负能量需求/kJ −659.13 −2523.82 −2134.61 −1395.64 −613.31 正平均功率/kW 6.72 11.39 9.79 10.18 14.79 负平均功率/kW −4.74 −8.56 −7.52 −8.07 −10.05 正峰值功率/kW 40.64 44.44 44.86 46.69 37.00 负峰值功率/kW −23.87 −32.79 −27.90 −29.19 −39.94 表 4 不同工况下的评价参数
工况
分解层数CYC_NYCC CYC_UDDS CYC_US06 2 0.9779 1 1 3 0.3235 0.4903 0.4306 4 0.1621 0.1991 0.1470 表 5 不同控制策略下电池SOC变化
控制
类型起始
SOC终止
SOCSOC变
化量SOC相
对变化百分比 单一电源 1 0.7896 0.2104 0 0 A控制策略 1 0.7952 0.2048 0.0056 2.66% B控制策略 1 0.8021 0.1979 0.0125 5.94% -
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