Influence of Joint Stiffness and Inertance on Performance of Damper and Train Suspension
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摘要: 为了研究节点刚度和惯质对减振器阻尼性能及悬挂减振性能的影响，基于等效原理和强迫振动原理，首次建立了统一的等效"质量-弹簧-阻尼"（MSD）模型和基于节点刚度和惯质的垂向动力学模型。数值分析结果表明：等效阻尼与原阻尼成比例关系，比例因子为刚度比、质量比、阻尼比和频率比的函数；等效MSD模型的振动特性与不考虑节点刚度时的趋势一致，但放大因子有所增加；节点刚度和惯质对减振器和悬挂系统特性的影响效果相反，但综合考虑节点刚度和惯质可以得到合理的悬挂设计。该结果为悬挂结构优化设计提供了一种新的思路和方法。Abstract: In order to study the influence of joint stiffness and inertance on damping performance of damper and the train suspension, the unified equivalent ″Mass-Spring-Damper″ (MSD) model and vertical dynamic model with joint stiffness and inertance were established for the first time, based on the equivalent principle and forced vibration theory. The numerical analysis shows that the equivalent damping is proportional to the original damping, and the proportional factor is a function of stiffness ratio, mass ratio, damping ratio and frequency ratio. The characteristics of the equivalent MSD model are consistent with the theoretical results without considering the joint stiffness, but their amplification factors are larger. However, the effects of joint stiffness and inertance on damping performance of damper and the train suspension are just opposite; the rational design of suspension structure can be obtained with organic combination of joint stiffness and inertance. The derived formulas provide a new way and method for the structural optimization design of train suspension system.
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Key words:
- joint stiffness /
- inertance /
- dynamic model /
- numerical analysis /
- structure optimization /
- train suspension system /
- vibration /
- damper /
- equivalent damping
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表 1 图 9中各曲线等效阻尼比计算值
序号 λ n ξ ξS 1 1 1 0.2 0.185 695 2 1 2 0.2 0.196 116 3 1 1 0.3 0.257 248 4 1 2 0.3 0.287 348 5 1 5 0.2 0.199 363 6 1 5 0.3 0.297 863 7 1 10 000 0.2 0.2 8 1 10 000 0.3 0.3 
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表 2 不同节点刚度下的等效阻尼比
序号 λ μ n ξ ξS 1 1 0.15 0.5 0.2 0.200 9 2 1 0.15 1 0.2 0.227 3 3 1 0.15 2 0.2 0.225 7 4 1 0.15 5 0.2 0.219 4 5 1 0.15 10 000 0.2 0.213 6 6 1 0 10 000 0.2 0.2
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