Multi-objective Optimization Design Method of Magnetorheological Damper with Embedded Permanent Magnets
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摘要: 为增加磁流变阻尼器(MRD)实用性,提出一种内置永磁体的MRD结构。依据SG-MRD60内部结构尺寸,通过离散化结构参数,获得全部设计方案;以提高复合结构MRD综合性能为优化目标,建立性能评价体系;根据等效磁路模型,整理性能指标函数,结合模糊综合评价法,筛选最优设计方案。仿真结果表明,新复合结构MRD在2 A电流且无永磁体磁场工况下,平均力学性能提高9.6%;在零电流工况下阻尼间隙磁感应强度为0.296 T,磁场分布均匀。±2 A电流对阻尼间隙磁感应强度调节范围为-58.4%到+59.1%,满足工程应用需要。Abstract: In order to increase the practicability of magnetorheological damper (MRD), its structure with embedded permanent magnets is proposed. According to the internal structure parameters of SG-MRD60, all design schemes are obtained through discretizing structural parameters. Taking the improvement of the comprehensive performance of a composite MRD as optimization objective, this paper establishes a performance evaluation system. Based on the equivalent model of magnetic circuit, the function of the performance is obtained. By integrating this objective function with the fuzzy comprehensive evaluation method, the optimal design scheme is screened out. The simulation results show that the average mechanical properties of the new comprehensive structure of the MRD are improved by 9.6% under the condition of 2 A current and no magnetic field of the permanent magnet. The magnetic flux density of damping gap is 0.296 T under the condition of 0 current. The adjustment range is from -58.4% to 59.1% under the ±2 A current condition and meets the needs of engineering application.
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表 1 优化相关参数
参数 取值 磁感应强度Bmax/T 0.34 磁流变液切应力τ0/kPa 26 流体表观粘度η/Pa·s 0.24 活塞速度v0/(m·s-1) 0.05 最大电流Imax/A 2 导线电阻率ρ/Ω·m 1.75×10-8 导线半径r/m 5×10-4 空气磁导率μ0/(H·m-1) 1.26×10-6 纯铁相对磁导率μr 2 000 45#钢相对磁导率μ45 1 000 永磁体相对磁导率μMag 2.274 表 2 优化结构参数
mm 参数 约束范围 活塞直径DPis [54, 60] 活塞杆直径DRod [15, 20] 线圈槽长度LCoil [35, 45] 线圈槽深度HCoil [14, 16] 阻尼间隙h - 缸体厚度tCase [6, 9] 侧翼活塞厚度W1 - 中间活塞厚度W2 - 表 3 MRD综合评价指标
指标 子指标 指标名称 力学性能ME ME1 阻尼力 ME2 可调范围 磁路性能MG MG1 响应时间 MG2 功耗 表 4 MRD性能指标权重
指标 权重 ω11 0.6 ω21 0.5 ω31 0.7 ω12 0.4 ω22 0.5 ω32 0.3 表 5 隶属度函数的参数取值
参数 数值 μME1 5.53 μME2 35.46 aMG1 0 aMG2 11.38 σME1 0.25 σME2 1.61 bMG1 0.10 bMG2 13.27 表 6 两种方案性能对比
性能指标 改进结构 优化结构 性能提升/% 阻尼力/kN 5.03 5.51 9.5% 可调范围 32.24 35.37 9.7% 响应时间/s 0.092 0.096 -4.3% 功耗/W 12.64 13.22 -4.6% 表 7 阻尼间隙磁感应强度仿真结果
工况/A Be/T Bm/T Be-m/T -2 0.150 0.070 0.123 零电流 0.295 0.297 0.296 2 0.443 0.528 0.471 -
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