正面碰撞中轿车前排头枕气囊对后排乘员的保护影响分析

摘要: 提出了头枕安全气囊的设想：在前排座椅头枕内部增设安全气囊，在正面碰撞中该气囊打开并迅速膨胀，在后排乘员头部与座椅间形成气垫，并吸收碰撞能量，避免头部与前排头枕或靠背发生二次碰撞，从而达到减轻乘员伤害的目的。为此，以某型轿车相关尺寸与性能参数为依据，采用碰撞仿真软件MADYMO建立了后排乘员约束系统仿真模型，并经试验验证。仿真结果表明：相比于普通前排座椅，头枕气囊能够使后排乘员头部伤害值HIC15下降66.4%，颈部枕骨伸张弯矩下降63.9%，而胸部伤害值T3MS仅增加5.5%。
- 正面碰撞 /
- 前排头枕气囊 /
- 后排乘员 /
- 保护
Abstract: An assumption of headrest-airbag is putted forward in this paper: an airbag is added in the interior of front seat headrest, the airbag opens and expands instantly to form the airbag cushion between rear occupant's head and seat in the collision, absorbs impact energy and avoids the occurrence of the secondary collision between head and frontal headrest or seatback, thereby reducing occupant injury. Based on the geometry and feature of one car model, the rear occupant restraint system model is set up with MADYMO simulation software, and the restraint model is verified with the real test. The results of computer simulation show that compared with normal front seat, HIC15(Head Injury Criterion) and neck occipital moment of rear occupant drops by 66.4% and 63.9% respectively, but T3MS (Thorax 3ms Resultant Acceralation) only increases by 5.5% when the headrest-airbag is used.
- frontal collision /
- headrest-airbag of front seat /
- rear occupant /
- protection

HTML全文

参考文献(16)

[1]	Sahraei E, Digges K, Marzougui D. Reduced protection for belted occupants in rear seats relative to front seats of new model year vehicles[J]. Annals of Advances in Automotive Medicine, 2010,54:149-158
[2]	Kent R, Forman J, Parent D P, et al. Rear seat occupant protection in frontal crashes and its feasibility[C]// The 20th Enhanced Safety of Vehicles Conference, Lyon, France, 2007
[3]	Sahraei E, Soudbakhsh D, Digges K. Protection of rear seat occupants in frontal crashes, controlling for occupant and crash characteristics[J]. Stapp Car Crash Journal, 2009,53:75-91
[4]	张晓龙,朱海涛.在正面碰撞试验中前后排假人头部伤害对比分析[J].交通与安全,2008,(4):70-73 Zhang X L, Zhu H T, Lv H X. Analysis on the head injury of frontal and rear dummies in frontal crash test[J].Communication Standardization, 2008,(4):70-73 (in Chinese)
[5]	徐钧,孙开军,金爱君,等.行李箱冲击中后座椅支撑梁结构优化[J]. 汽车工程师, 2013, (2): 26-29 Xu J, Sun K J, Jin A J, et al. Structure optimizative of rear seat support beam in trunk impact[J]. Auto Engineer, 2013,(2):26-29 (in Chinese)
[6]	Mayrose J, Jehle D, Hayes M, et al. The effect of unrestrained rear-seat passengers on driver mortality[J]. The Journal of Trauma, 2006,61(5):1249-54
[7]	葛如海,吴云腾,洪亮,等.基于正面碰撞的坐垫倾角的选择和约束系统的改进[J].汽车工程,2012,34(6):502-505 Ge R H, Wu Y T, Hong L, et al. The selection of seat cushion angle and the improvement of constraint system for frontal crash[J]. Automotive Engineering, 2012,34(6):502-505 (in Chinese)
[8]	肖志,Wismans. J, 蒋小晴,等.移动式安全座椅的乘员保护性能的研究[J].汽车工程,2011,33(7):603-607 Xiao Z, Wismans J, Jiang X Q, et al. A study on the occupant protection performance of moving safety seats[J]. Automotive Engineering, 2011,33(7):603-607 (in Chinese)
[9]	Schöneburg R, Baumann K H, Justen R. PRE-SAFE- the next step in the enhancement of vehicle safety[C]// The 18th Enhanced Safety of Vehicles Conference, Nagoya, Japan, 2003
[10]	李月明,韩刚,刘卫国,等.后排座椅下潜对假人伤害的影响及其改进[J].汽车安全与节能学报,2013,4(1):23-26 Li Y M, Han G, Liu W G, et al. Effect of rear-seat submarine on dummy injury and it's optimization[J]. Journal Automotive Safety and Energy, 2013,4(1):23-26
[11]	Jakobsson L, Lundell B, Norin H, Isaksson-Hellman I. WHIPS-Volvo's whiplash protection study[J]. Accident Analysis & Prevention, 32(2):307-319
[12]	Fielding M, Mullins J, Nahavandi S, et al. Intelligent headrest[C]// International Conference on Systems, Man and Cybernetics, Hawaii, USA, 2005:1240-1245
[13]	Jo H C, Kim Y E. A study on the influence of the seat and head restraint foam stiffnesses on neck injury in low speed offset rear impacts[J]. International Journal of Precision Engineering and Manufacturing, 2009,10(2):105-110
[14]	Weng T, Fu Y. Neck injury prevention in low speed rear impact[R]. SAE, Paper Number, 2007-01-0378
[15]	Saczalski K, Saul J, Burton J, et al. Experimental verification of biomechanical occupant response predictions for front and rear seated passengers subjected to rear impacts[R]. SAE, Paper Number, 2003-01-2205
[16]	Kuppa S, Saunders J, Fessahaie O. Rear seat occupant protection in frontal crashes[C]// The 19th Enhanced Safety of Vehicles Conference, Washington D.C., USA, 2005