Experimental Study on Energy Harvesting Efficiency of Lead Zirconate Titanate Piezoelectric Ceramics (PZT)
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摘要: 为研究不同因素对压电陶瓷俘能影响规律，提高能量俘获效率，本文以锆钛酸铅压电陶瓷（lead zirconate titanate piezoelectric ceramics，PZT）为研究对象。首先，搭建实验测试平台，通过实验获得了3种不同振幅（2、6、10 mm）下PZT输出电压与激励频率的关系，得到被测样件的最佳俘能参数；其次，在对存储电路进行优化的基础上，分别将PZT以单张、双张串联、双张并联以及双路输入的方式接入存储电路，各自在最佳俘能参数下振动30 min，为存储电路中的锂电池进行充电；最后，通过对比锂电池带动二极管的时长来评估不同输入方式的俘能效率。研究结果表明，在以最佳俘能参数振动30 min后，并联方式的俘能效率最高，可使功率为60 mW的二极管持续工作120 s。Abstract: In order to study the influence of the different factors on the energy harvesting efficiency of piezoelectric ceramics and improve the energy harvesting efficiency, lead zirconate titanate piezoelectric ceramics are studied in this paper. First of all, an experimental test platform is built, and the relationship between PZT output voltage and excitation frequency under three different vibration amplitudes (2, 6, 10 mm) is obtained, and the optimal energy harvesting parameters of the tested PZT sample are obtained. Secondly, based on the optimization of the memory circuit, the PZT is connected to the memory circuit in the modes of single-sheet, double-sheet series, double-sheet parallel connection and double input, respectively, and every mode PZT has continuously vibrated for 30 min under the optimal energy harvesting parameters to charge the lithium battery in the storage circuit. Finally, the energy harvesting efficiency of differentinput modes is evaluated by comparing the duration of diodes driven by lithium batteries. The results show that the parallel mode has the highest energy harvesting efficiency after vibrating with the optimal energy harvesting parameters for 30 min, which can make the diode (60 mW) work continuously for 120 s.
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表 1 不同接入方式的电流及输出功率
序号 输入方式 电流 功率 1 单路输入 $ {I}_{1} $ $ {P}_{1}={{I}_{1}}^{2}{R}_{0}-{P}_{0} $ 2 串联输入 $ {I}_{2}{=I}_{1} $ $ {P}_{2}={{I}_{2}}^{2}{R}_{0}-{P}_{0} $ 3 并联输入 $ {I}_{3}{=2I}_{1} $ $ {P}_{3}={{I}_{3}}^{2}{R}_{0}-{P}_{0} $ 4 双路输入 $ {I}_{4}{=2I}_{1} $ $ {P}_{4}{{=I}_{4}}^{2}{R}_{0}-2{P}_{0} $ 
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表 2 压电片参数
名称 符号 值 压电片型号 − PZT-52 机电耦合系数 $ {k}_{p} $ 0.6 $ {k}_{31} $ 0.38 $ {k}_{33} $ 0.74 $ {k}_{15} $ 0.72 $ {k}_{t} $ 0.50 相对介电常数 $ {\epsilon }_{r} $ 2100 介电损耗 $t_g$ 0.02 压电应变常数/10−12（m·V−1） $ {d}_{31} $ −210 $ {d}_{33} $ 450 $ {d}_{15} $ 710 弹性柔顺常数/10−12（m2·N−1） $ {{s}_{11}^{E}} $ 15 $ {{s}_{33}^{E}} $ 9 $ {{s}_{55}^{D}} $ 22 机械品质因数 $ {Q}_{m} $ 70 密度 $ r $ 7.6 居里温度 $ {T}_{c} $ 260 体积密度/103（kg·m−3） $ \rho $ 7.5 杨氏模量/109（N·m−2） $ {Y}_{11}^{E} $ 56 泊松比 $ {\sigma }^{E} $ 0.36
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表 3 存储电路元件参数
编号 名称 代号 型号 封装 1 稳压芯片 − Max666 SOP8 2 二极管 D1、D2、D3、D4 IN5819 0805 3 二极管 D5、D6 IN4148 0805 4 电解电容 C1 25 V/47 μf 直插 5 无极性电容 C2 25 V/0.1 μf 0805 6 电解电容 C3 25 V/10 μf 直插 7 锂电池 B1 3.7 V/35 mA −
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