Effect of Cooling Mode on Temperature Field and Second-order Motion of Diesel Engine Piston
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摘要: 为了研究冷却方式对活塞温度场及二阶运动的影响，应用硬度塞法测试了两种结构柴油机活塞的表面温度(内腔无冷却盲孔和有冷却盲孔)，以此测试数据对活塞温度场有限元仿真结果进行了标定，仿真计算得到了两种结构的活塞温度场分布，进而分析了内腔冷却盲孔对活塞温度及二阶运动摆角和摩擦磨损的影响规律。结果表明：有冷却盲孔活塞相对于无冷却盲孔活塞各关键部位温度都有所降低，尤其是二环槽主推力侧部位，降低了13.2 ℃，裙部主、次推力侧也均降低了约11 ℃；同时，活塞内腔温度最大降低25 ℃，降低了约10%，对于降低活塞热负荷作用十分明显；另外，活塞裙部接触压力、磨损载荷及摩擦损失都明显降低。Abstract: In order to study the influence of the cooling mode on the temperature field and second-order motion of the diesel engine piston, the surface temperature of two differences structure models with and without blind cooling holes in the piston core of diesel engine was measured by using the plug of hardness test method. The finite element method was used to simulate the temperature field which the results was verified by the experiment data, as well as the effect of the two different piston structure on the thermal load was studied. The results show that the blind holes in the piston core of diesel engine can decrease the temperature of piston comparing with that without blind holes, the temperature of piston second groove in TS reduced 13.2 ℃, and the skirt temperature reduced 11 ℃. At the same time, the temperature in the piston core reduces the largest up to 25 ℃, was reduced by 10%. In addition, the contact pressure, wear load and friction loss of the piston skirt are significantly reduced.
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Key words:
- finite element analysis /
- temperature field /
- piston /
- plug of hardness /
- thermal load
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表 2 转速为2200 r/min的活塞表面温度分布试验发动机运行数据
功率/
kW扭矩/
Nm出水
温度/℃机油
温度/℃排气
温度/℃中冷前
温度/℃进气
温度/℃153.5 669.0 96.2 102.6 641 137.6 24.2 154.8 671.8 96.1 103.2 688 143.1 24.2 155.1 673.2 96.1 104.4 697 144.7 24.2 154.6 671.3 96.1 105.0 698 145.2 24.2 
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表 4 活塞部分位置表面温度计算值与实测值对比
位置 测点 无冷却盲孔 有冷却盲孔 实测值/℃ 计算值/℃ 差值/℃ 相对误差/% 实测值/℃ 计算值/℃ 差值/℃ 相对误差/% 燃烧室中心 1 286 281.0 −5.0 1.75 279 275.1 −3.9 1.40 燃烧室底部 2 242 240.3 −1.7 0.70 237 235.4 −1.6 0.68 顶面 4 364 365.1 1.1 0.30 359 360.6 1.6 0.45 5 351 353.0 2 0.57 346 348.5 2.5 0.72 6 342 340.7 −1.3 0.38 339 337.1 −1.9 0.56 火力岸 8 344 342.4 −1.6 0.47 340 338.3 −1.7 0.50 9 332 329.6 −2.4 0.72 328 325.7 −2.3 0.70 10 319 315.3 −3.7 1.16 315 310.9 −4.1 1.30 二环岸 12 210 216.7 6.7 3.19 203 208.6 5.6 2.76 销孔内侧 14 160 163.3 3.3 2.06 156 160.4 4.4 2.82
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表 5 活塞关键位置温度对比
位置 无冷却孔
温度/℃有冷却盲
孔温/℃温度变化/
℃燃烧室喉口 TS 368.907 361.522 −7.368 ATS 369.348 365.433 −3.915 1环槽 TS 241.804 234.052 −7.752 ATS 252.518 250.416 −2.102 2环槽 TS 207.443 194.216 −13.227 ATS 213.037 205.208 −7.829 销孔 163.285 160.375 −2.91 裙部 TS 178.822 167.530 −11.292 ATS 186.557 175.908 −10.649
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