Dark Adaption Evaluation of Operating Screen in Manned Submersible
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摘要: 安全性作为载人潜水器潜航员下潜工作基础, 减少作业过程中视觉障碍给安全带来的潜在威胁, 缩短潜航员暗适应反应时间显得尤为重要。暗适应作为影响潜航员作业的重要视觉影响因素, 反复切换和适应高反差亮度环境导致人眼暗适应时间延长, 从而影响潜器作业安全性和准确度。本文针对潜航作业照明环境, 依据过渡照明方法, 利用过渡屏照明来补偿人眼在恶劣光照条件下的暗适应反应时间。实验中通过改变过渡屏亮度等级和观察时间以评估过渡照明的最优亮度及时间范围, 达到视觉优化作用, 保障潜航员操作安全。Abstract: Safety is critical to the dive work of manned submersibles. It is particularly important to reduce the potential threat to safety caused by visual obstacles during the operation and to shorten the dark adaptation reaction time of submariners. Dark adaptation is an important visual factor affecting the operation of submariners. Repeated switching and adaptation to high-contrast brightness environments will prolong the dark adaptation time of human eyes, thereby affecting the safety and accuracy of submersible operations. In this paper, aiming at the lighting environment of submarine operation area, according to the transition lighting method, the transition screen lighting is used to compensate the dark adaptation reaction time of human eyes under harsh lighting conditions. In the experiment, by changing the brightness level of the transition screen and the observation time, the optimal brightness and time range of the transition lighting were evaluated to achieve visual optimization and ensure the safety of the submariners' operation.
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表 1 暗适应实验相关亮度值
指标 等级 亮度值/(cd·m-2) 光环境亮度 - 640±10% J0 0.64 主观暗适应阈值 J1 0.64×10-1 视标亮度等级 J2 0.64×10-2 J3 0.64×10-3 过渡屏亮度 15% 30.63 25% 50.05 35% 72.33 45% 89.51 表 2 被试人员情况
人员 人数 年龄 视力(矫正视力) 男性 13 22~28 1.0 女性 11 22~25 1.0 总体 24 22~28 1.0 表 3 亮度对照实验组指标
实验组 过渡屏亮度情况及调控值 观察过渡屏时间情况 子实验1-常规组 OFF OFF 子实验2-对照组 ON亮度15% 5 s 子实验3-对照组 ON亮度25% 5 s 子实验4-对照组 ON亮度35% 5 s 子实验5-对照组 ON亮度45% 5 s 表 4 J3-J0反应总时间组的正态性检验
亮度等级/% 柯尔莫戈洛夫-斯米诺夫 夏皮洛-威尔克 统计 自由度 显著性 统计 自由度 显著性 0 0.078 23 0.200* 0.980 23 0.905 15 0.123 23 0.200* 0.968 23 0.647 25 0.089 23 0.200* 0.978 23 0.864 35 0.118 23 0.200* 0.959 23 0.447 45 0.108 23 0.200* 0.984 23 0.956 表 5 J3-J0反应时间差组正态性检验
亮度等级/% 柯尔莫戈洛夫-斯米诺夫 夏皮洛-威尔克 统计 自由度 显著性 统计 自由度 显著性 0 0.089 23 0.200* 0.970 23 0.685 15 0.208 23 0.011 0.929 23 0.104 25 0.136 23 0.200* 0.947 23 0.256 35 0.150 23 0.196 0.929 23 0.103 45 0.112 23 0.200* 0.967 23 0.624 表 6 J3-J0档位反应总时间的皮尔逊相关性
亮度等级 总时间 亮度等级 皮尔逊相关性 1 -0.249** 显著性(双尾) 0.007 个案数 115 115 总时间 皮尔逊相关性 -0.249** 1 显著性(双尾) 0.007 个案数 115 115 表 7 J3-J0档位反应时间差的皮尔逊相关性
亮度等级 总时间 亮度等级 皮尔逊相关性 1 -0.374** 显著性(双尾) 0.000 个案数 115 115 时间差 皮尔逊相关性 -0.374** 1 显著性(双尾) 0.000 个案数 115 115 表 8 时间对照组实验指标
实验组 过渡屏幕亮度情况及调控值 观察过渡屏幕时间 子实验1-常规组 OFF - 子实验2-对照组 ON亮度25% 5 s 子实验3-对照组 ON亮度25% 8 s 子实验4-对照组 ON亮度25% 11 s -
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