燃料电池极板材料及制备技术的研究热点与演进

肖罡; 孙卓; 李时春; 杨钦文; 张鹏飞

doi:10.13433/j.cnki.1003-8728.20200536

燃料电池极板材料及制备技术的研究热点与演进

doi: 10.13433/j.cnki.1003-8728.20200536

肖罡^{1, 2,},
孙卓¹,
李时春¹,
杨钦文^2, ,,
张鹏飞³

1.
湖南科技大学机电工程学院难加工材料高效精密加工湖南省重点实验室，湖南湘潭　411201
2.
湖南大学汽车车身先进设计制造国家重点实验室，长沙　410082
3.
九江职业技术学院机械工程学院，江西九江　332007

基金项目: 国家自然科学基金面上项目（51975196，52075159）、国家金属材料近净成形工程技术研究中心开放基金项目（2020013）、湖南省自然科学基金项目（2022JJ30019）、湖南省教育厅科学研究项目（21A0301）及江西省教育厅科学研究项目（GJJ203001、GJJ191283）

详细信息

作者简介:
肖罡（1983−），教授，博士生导师，研究方向为金属材料高温变形理论及高效成形技术研究，xg_1221@163.com

通讯作者:
杨钦文，副教授，博士，yangqw@hnu.edu.cn

中图分类号: TM911.48
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- 被引次数: 0
出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2020-12-25
- 刊出日期: 2023-02-04

Research Hotspots and Evolution of Fuel Cell Plate Materials and Fabrication Technology

XIAO Gang^{1, 2
,},
SUN Zhuo¹,
LI Shichun¹,
YANG Qinwen^{2
, ,},
ZHANG Pengfei³

1.
Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of High Efficiency and Precision Machining of Difficult-to-Cut-Materials, School of Mechanical Engineering , Hunan University of Science and Technology, Xiangtan 411201, Hu'nan, China
2.
State Key Laboratory of Advanced Design and Manufacturing for Vehicle Body, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China
3.
College of Mechanical Engineering, Jiujiang Vocational and Technical College, Jiujiang 332007, Jiangxi, China

摘要

摘要: 针对Web of Science核心合集数据库中2000年1月至2020年10月的燃料电池双极板材料与制备工艺文献进行计量学分析，并利用CiteSpace可视化分析工具绘制了核心研究国家、作者、研究机构及关键词演进的结构图谱。结果表明：双极板研究热点主要是金属材料双极板的耐腐蚀性与高聚物基复合材料双极板的导电性。金属极板耐蚀性问题存在离子污染、基体材料与涂层技术等研究内容，离子污染研究揭示了极板腐蚀的负面影响，基体材料与涂层技术研究则是去通过调整材料成分或制备工艺上提升性能。高聚物复合材料导电性问题的研究内容是高聚物基体、导电填料以及复合材料导电率等预测模型，导电率预测模型是研究复合材料组成的重要理论依据。
- 文献计量学 /
- 燃料电池 /
- 双极板 /
- 材料性能 /
- 制备技术
Abstract: According to the literature on fuel cell bipolar plate materials and preparation processes published in the Web of Science core collection database from January 2000 to October 2020, the literature metrology analysis is carried out, and the core research is drawn by using the CiteSpace visual analysis tool. A structural map of the evolution of countries, authors, research institutions, and keywords. The data analysis results show that the research hotspots of bipolar plates are mainly the corrosion resistance of metal bipolar plates and the conductivity of polymer-based composite bipolar plates. The corrosion resistance of metal plates has research contents such as ion pollution, substrate materials and coating technology. Ion pollution studies have revealed the negative effects of plate corrosion. Research on substrate materials and coating technology involves adjusting the material composition or preparation process. The research content of the conductivity of polymer composites is the model for polymer matrix, conductive filler and composite conductivity. The modelfor conductivity is an important theoretical basis for studying the composite composition.
- bibliometrics /
- fuel cell /
- bipolar plate /
- material propertyl /
- fabrication technology

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图 1 2000年 ~ 2020年期间燃料电池极板研究发文量和关键事件对照图

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图 2 双极板材料与制备工艺研究的国际合作网络

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图 3 双极板材料与制备工艺研究的学者合作网络

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图 4 双极板材料与制备工艺研究的机构合作网络

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图 5 极板材料与制造名词性术语可视化分析结果

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图 6 Cr/a-C互锁结构的耐腐蚀机理示意图^[41]

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表 1 燃料电池极板材料与制造研究突发性强度前10被引文献

序号	文献题目	作者	发表年份	突发性时段	突发性强度
1	Corrosion of metal bipolar plates for PEM fuel cells: a review （质子交换膜燃料电池金属双极板腐蚀：综述）	Antunes	2010	2012 ~ 2019	22.7974
2	Stainless steel as a bipolar plate material for solid polymer fuel cells （固体聚合物燃料电池不锈钢双极板）	Davies	2000	2002 ~ 2008	21.0658
3	Metal bipolar plates for PEM fuel cell：a review （质子交换膜燃料电池燃料电池金属双极板：综述）	Kyu	2007	2015 ~ 2015	19.9293
4	Bipolar plate materials for solid polymer fuel cells （用于固体聚合物燃料电池的双极板材料）	Davies	2000	2003 ~ 2008	17.9813
5	Use of stainless steel for cost competitive bipolar plates in the SPFC （低成本不锈钢固体聚合物燃料电池极板）	Makkus	2000	2002 ~ 2008	17.0442
6	New materials for polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cell current collectors （质子交换膜燃料电池的双极板新材料）	Hentall	1999	2000 ~ 2007	16.7959
7	Bipolar plate materials development using Fe-based alloys for solid polymer fuel cells （使用铁基合金开发用于固体聚合物燃料电池的双极板材料）	Hornung	1998	2000 ~ 2006	16.6427
8	Investigations on novel low-cost graphite composite bipolar plates （新型低成本石墨复合双极板的研究）	Scholta	1999	2001~ 2007	15.8580
9	Stainless steel as bipolar plate material for polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cells （质子交换膜燃料电池双极板不锈钢材料）	Wang	2004	2005 ~ 2011	15.6200
10	Metallic bipolar plates for PEM fuel cells （用于PEM燃料电池的金属双极板）	Wind	2002	2003 ~ 2010	15.5501

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表 2 基于LLR算法的名词性术语聚类分析结果

序号	聚类标签名称	研究类别
#0	Corrosion behavior（腐蚀行为）	性能
#1	Direct methanol fuel cell （直接甲醇燃料电池）	燃料电池
#2	Compressed expanded graphite （压缩膨胀石墨）	复合材料极板
#3	Electrical stability （电稳定性）	性能
#4	Carbon filler （碳填料）	复合材料极板
#5	Electrode durability （电极耐久性）	性能
#6	CrN coating CrN（涂层）	金属极板
#7	Nitrided stainless steel alloy foil （氮化物不锈钢合金箔）	金属极板
#8	Zinc cerium（锌铈）	液流电池
#9	Solid polymer fuel cell （固体聚合物燃料电池）	燃料电池

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表 3 基体与涂层材料的性能特征及腐蚀电流密度和界面接触电阻

类别	涂层材料	基底材料	涂层工艺	实验环境		腐蚀电流密度/ （μA∙cm⁻²）	界面接触电阻/ （mΩ∙cm²）	文献
Metal nitride coatingting	CrN	SS316L	EBPVD	1M H₂SO₄ at 70 °C	purged with H₂	1.41	21.8 （274.4 N/cm²）^*	[21]
	CrN				purged with O₂	1.31	21.8 （274.4 N/cm²）^*
	TiN				purged with H₂	4.07	35.0 （274.4 N/cm²）^*
	TiN				purged with O₂	31.50	35.0 （274.4 N/cm²）^*
	TiAlN				purged with H₂	317.00	7.5 （274.4 N/cm²）^*
	TiAlN				purged with O₂	18.6	7.5 （274.4 N/cm²）^*
	CrN/Cr	SS316L	UBMS	0.001M H₂SO₄ + 2 ppm F⁻ at 60 °C purged with air		0.09	<6 （100 ~ 500 N/cm²）^*	[22]
	CrN	Ni	Electrodeposition	propylene carbonate + 1 M tetraethylammonium tetrafluoroborate at 30 °C		−	−	[23]
	NbN	SS304	PSDA	0.05M H₂SO₄ + 2 ppm F⁻at 70 °C	purged with H₂	0.127	9.26 （140 N/cm²）^*	[24]
	NbN	SS304	PSDA	0.05M H₂SO₄ + 2 ppm F⁻at 70 °C	purged with air	0.071	9.26 （140 N/cm²）^*	[24]
	TaN/Ta	SS430	Reactive magnetron sputtering	85% H₃PO₄ purged with air	at 80 °C	0.79	9.03 （140 N/cm²）^*	[25]
	TaN/Ta	SS430	Reactive magnetron sputtering	85% H₃PO₄ purged with air	at 130 °C	0.93	9.03 （140 N/cm²）^*	[25]
Metal carbide Coating	TiC	SS304	HEMA	1M H₂SO₄ at 25 °C with air		0.034	−	[26]
	Cr-C	SS316L	Pulsed bias arc ion plating	0.5M H₂SO₄ + 5 ppm F⁻ at 25 °C		0.1	6.86-8.72 （0.2-1.5 MPa）^*	[27]
	Cr-C	Cu	Electrodeposition	3.5 wt% NaCl at 25 °C		0.64	<10 （150 N∙cm⁻²）^*	[28]
	Cr-C	SS316L	CFUBMSIP	0.5M H₂SO₄ + 5 ppm HF at 70 °C purged with air		1.046	1.4 （1.4 MPa）^*	[29]
	NbC	SS304	PSDA	0.5M H₂SO₄ + 2 ppm HF at 80 °C	purged with H₂	0.058	8.47 （140 N/cm²）^*	[30]
	NbC	SS304	PSDA	0.5M H₂SO₄ + 2 ppm HF at 80 °C	purged with air	0.051	8.47 （140 N/cm²）^*	[30]
Metal oxide Coating	Y₂O₃/Au Y₂O₃ Y₂O₃ / Co₃O₄	SS430	Electrodeposition	−		−	<100 （2.6 MPa）^*	[31]
	RuO₂	30 wt% Cr ferritic stainless steel	Electrochemical	1M H₂SO₄ + 2 ppm F⁻ at 70 °C purged with air		1.0	2.4 （150 N∙cm⁻²）^*	[32]
	SnO₂	SS444	CVD	1M H₂SO₄ + 2 ppm F⁻ at 70 °C purged with H₂		8	200 ~ 400 （150 N∙cm⁻²）^*	[33]
	SnO₂	SS446	CVD	1M H₂SO₄ + 2 ppm F⁻ at 70 °C purged with H₂		3.5	200 ~ 400 （150 N∙cm⁻²）^*	[33]
	PbO₂	SS316L	Electrochemical	1M H₂SO₄ + 2 ppm F⁻ at 80 °C		8	−	[34]
Graphene coating	Graphene	Al	Dipcoating	0.5 M NaCl		8.324 × 10⁻³	−	[35]
	Graphene	304 SS	CVD	3.5 wt% NaCl		−	−	[36]
	Graphene	SS Ni/304	CVD	3.5 wt% NaCl at 25 °C		0.161	36 （140 N/cm²）^*	[37]
	Reduced graphene oxide（rGO）	Al	Polyvinyl alcohol	0.5 M H₂SO₄		3 × 10⁻³	−	[38]
Amorphous Carbon coating	a-C	SS304	CFUBMSIP	−		−	5.4 （1.5 MPa）^*	[40]
	Cr / a-C	SS304	Direct current magnetron sputtering	0.5M H₂SO₄ + 5 ppm HF		0.894	16.65 （150 N/cm²）^*	[41]
	ZreC / a-C	SS316L	CFUBMSIP	0.5M H₂SO₄ + 5 ppm HF at 70 °C purged with air		0.49	3.63 （1.4 MPa）^*	[42]
	TiCx / a-C	SS316L	CFUBMSIP	1M H₂SO₄ + 0.1 ppm HF at 80 °C bubbled with air		0.32	1.85 （1.4 MPa）^*	[43]
Polymer based composite Coating	PP/carbon fiber/carbon black	Al6061	Compression molding technique	1M H₂SO₄ + 2 ppm HF at 70 °C	purged with H₂	3.6	21 （200 N/cm²）^*	[44]
	PP/carbon fiber/carbon black	Al6061	Compression molding technique	1M H₂SO₄ + 2 ppm HF at 70 °C	purged with O₂	3.3	21 （200 N/cm²）^*	[44]
	Graphite/carbon black/epoxy binder	SS316L	Spraying and hot-pressing techniques	1M H₂SO₄ at 75 °C		5.42	9.8 （125 N/cm²）^*	[45]
	Phosphomolybdic acid doped PANI coating	SS304	Electropolymerization	1M H₂SO₄		26.4	−	[46]
	PANI	SS316L	Electrodeposition	0.5 mol/L H₂SO₄ + 2 ppm HF at 80 °C		0.093	−	[47]
注: 标注*的数值表示极板夹紧力。

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表 4 TiC_x / a-C纳米涂层的溅射时间参数^[43] min

样品编号	A	B	C	D
60 V a-C Layer	60	40	20	0
60 V→300 V Interface	0	1	1	0
300 V a-C Layer	0	19	39	60

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