A Design Method of Radial Turbine for Ultra-micro Gas Turbine
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摘要: 本文首先通过匹配计算确定了微型燃气轮机增程器的主要性能指标，并通过模型分析得到微型向心涡轮的设计参数；其次根据向心涡轮工作过程建立损失模型，将遗传算法融入设计方案，编制了设计流程和计算程序；最后依据设计结果完成了微型向心涡轮结构设计，并利用CFD方法进行数值模拟计算。仿真计算结果表明：所设计的微型向心涡轮的轮周效率、轴效率以及输出功率均达到了设计要求，同时内部流场模拟结果显示涡轮也具有较好的气动性能，说明所采用的设计方法是可靠的。Abstract: Firstly, the main performance indexes of the micro gas turbine range-extender are determined by matching calculations, and the design parameters of the micro radial turbine are obtained through model analysis in this paper. Secondly, according to the working principles of the radial turbine, its loss model is established, and its genetic algorithm is integrated into the design scheme. On this basis, its design processes and calculation programs are compiled.Finally, according to the design results, the structural design of the micro radial turbine is completed, and the CFD method is used for numerical simulation.The simulation results show that the peripheral efficiency, entropic efficiency and output power of the micro radial turbine thus designed meet the design requirements. Meanwhile, the internal flow fieldsimulation results show that the micro radial turbine has good aerodynamic performances, indicating that the design method adopted in the paper is reliable.
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Key words:
- Extended-range electric vehicle /
- micro gas turbine /
- radial turbine /
- design method
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表 1 电动汽车增程器对比
增程器 功率密度
/（kW·kg−1）燃料适应性 噪声/dB 成本 MGT 0.48 ~ 0.80 广泛 <65 低 ICE 0.16 ~ 0.45 单一 >90 低 PEFC 0.50 ~ 0.90 单一 <45 高 
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表 2 北汽EV150电动汽车主要技术参数
参数名称 数值 整车总质量/kg 1300 最高车速/ （km·h−1） 120 最大爬坡度/% 20 0 ~ 50 km加速时间/s 5.3
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表 3 微型燃机热力循环分析主要设计条件
参数名称 取值 空气质量流量/（kg·s−1） 0.1 压气机压比 3 涡轮膨胀比 2.8 压气机效率 0.85 燃烧室效率 0.8 回热器效率 0.7 涡轮效率 0.82
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表 5 微型向心涡轮主要初始热力设计参数
参数名称 取值 涡轮进口总温/K 1200 涡轮进口总压/kPa 303.9 涡轮出口静压/kPa 108.5 工质流量/（kg·s−1） 0.1 转速/（r·min−1） 200000
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表 6 遗传算法主要运行参数
参数名称 数值 种群大小 100 最大迭代数 500 选择方式 Roulette wheel selection 交叉概率 0.8 变异概率 0.001
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表 7 微型向心涡轮一维设计所得主要参数
参数名及单位 数值 导叶出口直径DN /mm 58 叶轮进口直径D1 /mm 50 叶轮出口轮缘直径D2W /mm 40 叶轮出口轮毂直径D2n /mm 11 叶轮入口叶片高l1 /mm 9 叶轮叶片数 13 叶片厚度/mm 1 叶顶间隙/mm 0.02 轮周效率/% 93 轴效率/% 80.8 涡轮输出功率/kW 33.7
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表 8 主要性能参数模拟值与一维设计值对比
参数名称 模拟计算结果 一维设计结果 偏差 轮周效率 89.5% 93% 3.7% 涡轮输出功率 33.4 kW 33.7 kW 1.5%
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