Research on Optimization of Braking Energy Recovery Strategy for Pure Electric Vehicles
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摘要: 为了提高纯电动汽车续航里程及能源转化率，以某纯电动汽车为研究对象，提出基于ECE法规曲线、I曲线和f曲线的汽车前后轴制动力分配策略。同时又考虑到存在电机和电池最大充电功率约束，在完善电机再生力矩、限制再生制动最大值后，采用模糊控制方法，根据不同制动强度确定机械制动力和再生制动力比例由此制定能量回收控制策略。在MATLAB/Simulink里建立起再生制动控制策略模型并将其与AVL-Cruise进行联合仿真分析本策略的优化效果。仿真结果表明所提出的控制策略能够在满足制动安全性基础上充分利用电机制动转矩，使得制动能量回收率与系统自带策略相比有显著提高，在一定程度上有效缓解了纯电动汽车续航问题。Abstract: In order to improve the cruising range and energy conversion rate of pure electric vehicles, a pure electric vehicle was taken as the research object, and a braking force distribution strategy based on the Economic Commission of Europe regulation curve, I curve and f curve was proposed. At the same time, taking into account the constraints of the maximum charging power of the motor and the battery, and after perfecting the regenerative torque of the motor and limiting the maximum value of regenerative braking, the fuzzy control method is adopted to determine the ratio of mechanical braking force and regenerative braking force according to different braking strengths, thereby formulating energy recovery control strategy. The regenerative braking control strategy model was established in MATLAB/Simulink and co-simulated with AVL-Cruise to analyze the optimization effect of this strategy. The simulation results show that the proposed control strategy can make full use of the motor braking torque on the basis of satisfying braking safety, so that the braking energy recovery rate is significantly improved compared with the system's own strategy, and to a certain extent, the battery life of the pure electric vehicles is prolonged.
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Key words:
- pure electric vehicle /
- regenerative braking /
- fuzzy control /
- co-simulation
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表 1 整车技术参数
参数名称 数值 空载质量/kg 1200 满载质量/kg 1550 质心与前轴之间距离/m 1.08 质心与后轴之间距离/m 1.52 质心高度/m 0.6 轴距/m 2.6 风阻系数 0.285 迎风面积/m2 1.98 车轮半径/m 0.288 滚动阻力系数 0.008 
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表 2 模糊控制规则表
v L M H z VL M VH VL M VH VL M VH SOC S M L VL VH H VL VH H VL M M L VL VH H VL VH M VL L VL VL VL VL VL VL VL VL VL
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表 3 能量回收情况
制动强度z 可供回收
的汽车动能 $\Delta { { E}_ K }/{\rm{kJ}}$本文控制
策略回收
的能量 ${E_r}/{\rm{kJ}}$回收率
（Er/Ek）/%SOC
上升0<z<0.22 79.23 23.13 29.19 0.051 0.22<z<0.53 175.15 76.42 43.63 0.133 0.53<z<0.7 387.68 162.07 41.81 0.237
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表 4 NEDC工况下能量分析
参数名称 模糊控制策略 系统策略 整车总能量损耗/J 1.24×106 1.24×106 制动总能量损耗/J 5.64×105 5.64×105 电池回收能量/J 2.6×105 2.06×105 制动能量回收率/% 40.72 36.34 总能量回收率/% 18.71 16.74
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