Optimal Torque Distribution Control Strategy of In-wheel Motor Type Three-axle Pure-electric Articulated Bus
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摘要: 以三轴纯电动铰接客车为研究对象，针对单电机集中式驱动构型存在的动力系统布置困难、传动链长等问题，构建基于六轮毂电机分布式驱动的三轴纯电动铰接客车构型，完成关键总成参数匹配；针对前、中、后轴电机扭矩分配问题，提出以系统效率最佳为目标的扭矩优化分配策略，并基于MATLAB/Simulink搭建了扭矩优化分配模型；基于AVL Cruise和MATLAB/Simulink搭建了整车联合仿真模型，在满足整车动力性和经济性指标的前提下，通过与单电机集中式驱动构型的对比可知：整车0~50 km/h的加速时间减少3.1 s，最高车速提升5 km/h，最大爬坡度提高1.3%；满载CCBC工况下，百公里能耗降低11.51%，续驶里程增加27 km；提出的扭矩优化分配策略能将整车需求扭矩合理分配给各电机，并可优化电机工作区间，有效降低整车能耗。Abstract: Taking the three-axle pure-electric articulated bus as the research object, aiming at the problems of single motor centralized drive configuration, such as the difficulty of power system layout and long transmission chain, the configuration of three-axle pure-electric articulated bus based on in-wheel motor distributed drive was constructed, and the key assembly parameters were matched. Aiming at the torque distribution problem of front, middle and rear axle motors, the optimal torque distribution strategy was proposed for the target of the best system efficiency and torque optimization distribution model are built based on MATLAB/Simulink. The vehicle joint simulation model is built based on AVL Cruise and MATLAB/Simulink. On the premise of meeting the vehicle power and economic indicators, through the comparison with the single motor centralized drive configuration, it can be seen that: 1) the acceleration time of the whole vehicle from 0 to 50 km/h is reduced by 3.1 s, the maximum speed is increased by 5 km/h, and the maximum climbing gradient is increased by 1.3%. 2) under the full load CCBC condition, the energy consumption per 100 km is reduced by 11.51%, and the driving range is increased by 27 km. 3) the optimal torque distribution strategy can reasonably distribute the required torque to each motor, optimize the motor working range and effectively reduce vehicle energy consumption.
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表 1 整车基本参数和性能指标
参数 数值 整备质量/kg 18 150 满载质量/kg 28 000 轴荷/kg 7 000/9 500/11 500 最高车速/(km·h-1) ≥70 0~50 km/h的加速时间/s ≤25 最大爬坡度/% ≥15 续驶里程/km ≥200 
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表 3 轮毂电机基本参数
参数 前轴电机 中轴电机 后轴电机 额定转速/(r·min-1) 150 150 150 最高转速/(r·min-1) 400 400 400 额定扭矩/Nm 1 100 1 480 1 820 峰值扭矩/Nm 2 340 3 200 3 860 额定功率/kW 17.3 23.4 28.4 峰值功率/kW 37 50.1 60.6
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表 6 单电机集中式驱动系统参数
参数 数值 减速器速比 15 电机额定转速和最高转速/(r·min-1) 2 500/6 000 电机额定扭矩和峰值扭矩/Nm 587/1 254 电机额定功率和峰值功率/kW 128.8/295.4
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表 7 百公里耗电量对比
驱动构型 百公里电耗/ (kWh) 节能/% 续驶里程/km 单电机集中式驱动 167.53 0 202 六轮毂电机分布式驱动 148.24 11.51 229
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