响应面法在汽车侧面结构多目标优化中的应用

孙喜龙; 王登峰; 荣宝军; 李汝恒

doi:10.13433/j.cnki.1003-8728.20200448

响应面法在汽车侧面结构多目标优化中的应用

doi: 10.13433/j.cnki.1003-8728.20200448

孙喜龙^{1, 2, 3,},
王登峰²,
荣宝军⁴,
李汝恒¹

1.
大理大学工程学院, 云南大理 671003
2.
吉林大学汽车工程学院, 长春 130025
3.
一汽-大众汽车有限公司, 长春 130013
4.
吉林工程技术师范学院机械与车辆工程学院, 长春 130052

详细信息

作者简介:
孙喜龙(1976-), 高级工程师, 博士, 研究方向为汽车被动安全仿真技术, xilong.sun@faw-vw.com

中图分类号: U462.3
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- 文章访问数: 139
- HTML全文浏览量: 59
- PDF下载量: 16
- 被引次数: 0
出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2020-10-22
- 刊出日期: 2022-07-25

Applying Response Surface Method to Multi-objective Optimization of Automobile′s Side Structure

1.
School of Engineering, Dali University, Dali 671003, Yunnan, China
2.
College of Automotive Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun 130025, China
3.
FAW-VW Automotive Co., Ltd., Changchun 130013, China
4.
School of Mechanical and Vehicular Engineering, Jilin Engineering Normal University, Changchun 130052, China

摘要

摘要: 针对车身侧面结构抗撞性能不足的问题，利用拉丁超立方试验设计方法以及整车仿真模型，建立13个设计变量7个响应的样本数据，并构建3阶多项式响应面近似模型，最后利用模拟退火优化算法，对侧面结构进行多目标优化。优化结果表明，在B柱和门槛区域，使用高强度钢板以及增加板厚的方法，有效提高车身的侧面抗撞性能；优化思路由传统的设计经验与仿真模拟、试验验证的组合方式转变为数学优化问题，降低优化方案对设计经验的依赖，有效提高优化效率和解的精度。
- 抗撞性 /
- 多项式响应面 /
- 多目标优化 /
- 模拟退火优化算法
Abstract: In order to improve the side structure crashworthiness of an automobile, the Latin hypercube experimental design method and the finite element model (FEM) were employed to establish the thirteen design variables and seven responses for sample data. Then, the third-order polynomial response surface model (RSM) were constructed instead of FEM to reflect the function correlation between variables and responses. Finally, the simulated annealing optimization algorithm was implemented in RSM for the multi-objective optimization of the side structures of an automobile to seek optimal and reliable solutions. The optimization results indicate that in the areas of B-pillar and doorsill, the increase of the thickness of the high-strength steel plate can effectively improve the crashworthiness. The optimization process was changed from the traditional combination of design experience, simulation and experimental validation to the mathematical optimization problem, reducing the dependence of design experience and effectively improving optimization efficiency and solution accuracy.
- crashworthiness /
- response surface method /
- multi-objective optimization /
- simulated annealing algorithm

HTML全文

图 1 侧面碰撞评价参考点

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图 2 B柱侵入量

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图 3 B柱b₁侵入速度

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图 4 B柱b₂侵入速度

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图 5 B柱b₃侵入速度

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图 6 B柱b₄侵入速度

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图 7 前门TV₁侵入速度

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图 8 前门TV₂侵入速度

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图 9 前门TV₃侵入速度

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图 10 车门变形

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图 11 设计变量结构图

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图 12 各目标函数误差散点图

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图 13 各目标函数的迭代历程

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图 14 车身侧面变形

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图 15 B柱侵入速度

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图 16 车门测量点侵入速度

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图 17 初始、优化方案假人伤害值

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表 1 设计变量取值范围

设计变量	变量名称	初始值	取值范围
t₁	B柱内板	1.25	1.0, 1.1, 1.2, 1.25
t₂	B柱外板	1.75	1.25, 1.5, 1.75, 2.0
t₃	B柱加强板	1.75	1.5, 1.75, 2.0, 2.5
t₄	门槛内板后段	1.25	1.0, 1.1, 1.2, 1.25
t₅	门槛	1.5	1.2, 1.25, 1.5, 1.75
t₆	门槛加强板	1.5	1.25, 1.5, 1.75, 2.0
t₇	门槛内板前段	1.0	0.8, 0.9, 1.0, 1.1
t₈	A柱加强板	1.75	1.5, 1.75, 2.0, 2.5
m₁	B柱内板	a	a, b, c, d
m₂	B柱外板	c	a, b, c, d
m₃	B柱加强板	b	a, b, c, d
m₄	门槛	b	a, b, c, d
m₅	A柱加强板	b	a, b, c, d
注: a~d分别代表DC03、HC260LAD、HC340LAD、HC420/780DP这4种材料。

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表 2 3阶响应面模型的决定系数

响应面模型	样本实测均值	R²决定系数
d_b₁	45.47 mm	0.96
d_b₂	115.98 mm	0.91
d_b₃	123.26 mm	0.88
d_b₄	81.04 mm	0.85
V_b₂	8.60 m/s	0.92
V_b₃	8.25 m/s	0.87
M	22.80 kg	0.87

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表 3 初始、优化方案仿真结果及近似模型计算结果

目标函数	初始方案仿真结果	优化方案
目标函数	初始方案仿真结果	仿真结果	下降率	近似模型结果	相对误差
d_b1/mm	56.5	31.9	44%	33.1	-3.8%
d_b2/mm	137.1	54.7	60%	57.3	-4.8%
d_b3/mm	146.3	62.4	57%	67.2	-7.7%
d_b4/mm	108	40.6	62%	43.8	-7.9%
v_b1/(m·s^-1)	5.7	6.6	-15%	6.2	6.1%
v_b2/(m·s^-1)	9.6	7.1	26%	6.8	4.2%
v_b3/(m·s^-1)	10.1	7.2	29%	6.7	6.9%
v_b4/(m·s^-1)	7.5	6.0	20%	5.8	3.3%
M/kg	23.3	25.1	-7.7%	23.2	-7.6%
注: 相对误差为优化方案的近似模型计算结果与仿真结果对比。

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