Influence of Thermal Load Caused by Electric Heating on Helicopter Windshield
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摘要: 研究了电加温直升机风挡在极限飞行工况条件下受电加温热载荷的影响。通过对离散气动载荷进行参数化处理，建立一种可以在风挡表面施加非均匀气动载荷的方法。基于ABAQUS软件分析直升机风挡在各个飞行姿态下的受力状态，找出较为危险的飞行工况；基于ANSYS建立风挡的电热耦合模型, 计算出低温环境下风挡玻璃电加温过程中的风挡厚度方向的温度分布。建立电加温风挡的热力耦合模型，对直升机风挡飞行工况条件下的热应力和变形进行分析。结果表明，在低温环境中电加温对降低风挡玻璃边缘的拉应力有积极的作用，而对风挡的变形影响不明显。Abstract: The influence of the electric heating heat load on helicopter windshield has been researched under extreme flight conditions in this paper. A method of applying non-uniform load aerodynamic loads on the surface of windshield model has been established by parametric processing of discrete aerodynamic load. Forced states of the helicopter windshield in each flight attitude were analyzed in the finite element software ABAQUS and the dangerous flight conditions were found. Electro-thermal model of the windshield was established in ANSYS, the temperature distribution in the thickness direction of the windshield during the electric heating of the windshield in a low temperature environment has been calculated. The thermal-mechanical coupling model of the electrically heated windshield was established to analyze the stress and deformation of windshield in simulated flight conditions. The results showed that electric heating has a positive effect on reducing the tensile stress on the edge of the windshield in a low temperature environment, but has no obvious effect on the deformation of the windshield.
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Key words:
- electrically heated windshield /
- aerodynamic load /
- thermal load /
- thermal stress
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表 1 材料力学参数
材料 弹性模量/MPa 泊松比 拉伸强度/MPa 挤压强度/MPa 无机玻璃 73 000 0.23 600(弯曲) - 聚氨酯 6.2 0.395 27 - 涤纶钢 4 800 0.35 113 98.4 
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表 2 材料物理性能参数
材料 密度/ (kg·m-3) 热导率/ (W ·(m·K)-1) 比热容/ (J·(kg·K)-1) 电阻率/ (Ω·m) 无机玻璃 2 500 9.6 858 - 聚氨酯 1 090 0.22 470 - ITO 7 172 3 362 6×10-6
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表 4 典型的飞行工况
序号 飞行工况 序号 飞行工况 1 V=38 m/s, α=0，0，β=90° 6 V=88 m/s, α=-18°，β=90° 2 V=38 m/s, α=0，0，β=-90° 7 V=94 m/s, α=0，β=15° 3 V=54 m/s, α=50°，0，β=0 8 V=94 m/s, α=0，β=-15° 4 V=75 m/s, α=35°，0，β=0 9 V=95 m/s, α=21°，β=0 5 V=80 m/s, α=-27°，0，β=0 10 V=95 m/s, α=-10°，β=0
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