Design of Double Counterweight Polar Coordinate Mechanical Balancer and its Active Balancing Test for Motorized Spindle
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摘要: 转子在线主动平衡是旋转机械高速、精密和智能化的关键技术之一, 能够不停机、无人干预地实时控制转子不平衡振动。从配重盘的极坐标运动原理出发, 研究了机械式主动平衡头结构; 研究了配重盘的平衡能力, 获得了其设计规律; 研究了平衡头作动方案, 进行了单、双盘转动平衡仿真, 证明了设计合理性。研究了转子在线影响系数平衡方法的原理, 建立了电主轴单平面主动平衡平台, 完成了不同工况下的平衡试验和振动数据分析。结果表明, 所提出的电主轴在线主动平衡策略是有效的, 在4 500 r/min下电主轴的振动位移降至0.08 μm, 降振率达83.33%;在3 900 r/min下一倍转频振动加速度降至0.7×10-4 g, 降振率达93%。Abstract: On-line active balancing of rotor is one of the key technologies in the high-speed, precision and intelligent rotating machine, which can control the unbalance-induced vibration of rotor in real time without stopping machine and human intervention. Based on the polar coordinate principle of counterweight disc, the structure of mechanical balancer is studied. The balancing capacity of counterweight disc is studied, and its design law is obtained. The actuation scheme of balancer is studied, and the single-disk and double-disk rotation-based balancing simulation is carried out, which proves the design rationality of proposed balancer. The principle of rotor balancing method based on on-line influence coefficient is studied, a single-plane active balancing platform of motorized spindle is set up, and the balancing tests and vibration data analysis under different working conditions are completed. The results show that the present on-line active balancing scheme of motorized spindle is effective, and can reduce the vibration displacement to 0.08 μm at 4 500 r/min with a reduction rate of 83.33% and 1 rotational frequency vibration acceleration to 0.7×10-4 g at 3 900 r/min with a reduction rate of 93%.
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Key words:
- rotor unbalance /
- mechanical balancer /
- influence coefficient /
- motorized spindle /
- vibration test
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表 1 3种配重盘设计
结构 剖去质量/g 剩余质量/g 平衡量/(g·cm) A型 112 224 304.93 B型 76 260 242.76 C型 190 148 62.17 
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表 2 配重盘平衡性能
结构 最大平衡量/(g·cm) 敏感度 效率 精度 A型 609.9 敏感 高 低 B型 485.5 较敏感 较高 较低 C型 124.3 不敏感 不高 高
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表 4 不同工况下的振幅降低率
转速/(r·min-1) 3.88 g降低率/% 4.54 g降低率/% 5.58 g降低率/% 平均降低率/% 2 700 70.00 73.68 79.17 74.28 3 300 77.14 75.61 79.59 77.45 3 900 62.96 78.05 79.07 73.36 4 500 62.96 62.96 83.33 69.75
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表 5 不同工况下的转频振幅降低率
转速/(r·min-1) 3.88 g降低率/% 4.54 g降低率/% 5.58 g降低率/% 平均降低率/% 2 700 36.99 42.11 48.58 42.56 3 300 69.39 73.08 50.59 64.35 3 900 85.07 93.00 90.00 89.36 4 500 69.51 69.14 81.94 73.53
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