Study on Working Characteristics of Negative Pressure Pulsed Hydraulic Oscillating Tool
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摘要: 常规的油气田开发已不能满足人们需求, 油气开发向更复杂的地层方向发展。在水平井、大位移井等复杂结构井的油气勘探开发中, 井眼轨迹难以控制、机械钻速低、钻柱托压等问题会给钻井过程带来很大的挑战。为解决上述问题, 本文设计了一种负压脉冲水力振荡工具用于减小水平井、大位移井的摩擦阻力, 详细分析了负压脉冲振荡工具结构原理。利用运动学分析结果对负压脉冲水力振荡器的水力学特性进行分析, 结合相关算例参数, 得出当输入工具的流体流量一定, 阀轴系统径向喷嘴直径越大, 工具的压降和产生的水击压强越大, 产生的轴向力冲击力也越大。并通过有限元流体仿真分析结果验证理论计算的准确性, 为负压脉冲水力振荡器工具今后的现场应用选型和钻井提速提供理论依据。Abstract: Conventional development of oil and gas fields can no longer meet the needs of people. In the exploration and development of horizontal wells, large displacement wells and other complicated wells, some problems such as difficult to control the well trajectory, low the rate of mechanical penetration and the support pressure of the drill string will bring great challenges to the drilling process. In order to solve the above problems, a negative-pressure pulsed hydraulic oscillator tool is designed to reduce the friction resistance of horizontal wells and large-displacement wells, and the structural principle of negative-pressure pulsed oscillating tool is analyzed in detail. The hydrodynamic characteristics of the negative pressure pulsed hydraulic oscillator are analyzed by using the kinematic analysis results, and combined with the relevant example parameters. Results show that when the fluid flow of the input tool is constant, the larger the radial nozzle diameter of the valve shaft system, the greater the pressure drop of the tool and the water hammer pressure generated, so the greater the axial force impact force generated. The accuracy of the theoretical calculation is verified by the results of finite element fluid simulation, which provides a theoretical basis for the field application selection and drilling acceleration of the negative-pressure pulsed hydraulic oscillator tool in the future.
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表 1 管路进口和出口的局部阻力系数ζ
α/(°) ζ α/(°) ζ 5 1.0 50 0.78 10 0.99 60 0.70 15 0.98 70 0.63 20 0.96 80 0.56 30 0.91 90 0.50 40 0.85 表 2 算例分析参数
参数名称 数值 水帽外侧环空面积A1/mm2 6 459.900 水帽斜孔面积A2/mm2 2 120.575 阀轴小端内腔面积A3/mm2 2 042.821 阀轴大端端内腔面积A4/mm2 4 071.504 阀轴外壳内腔面积A5/mm2 10 207.637 轴向喷嘴过流面积A6/mm2 1 256.637 阀轴外壳内腔面积A7/mm2 2 827.433 转子环空面积S1/mm2 8 824.734 转子下端环空面积S2/mm2 14 313.881 钻井液密度ρ/(kg·m-3) 1100 进口压力p/MPa 20 输入流量Q/(L·s-1) 30 重力加速g/(m·s-2) 9.8 马达级数ξ 1.5 矫正系数Kp 0.5 每一级压降Δpξ/MPa 0.9 径向喷嘴流量系数 0.98 井眼环空钻井液的压力/MPa 10 流体体积弹性模量K/Pa 2.06×109 管壁材料弹性模量E/Pa 2.10×1011 管壁厚度δ/mm 17.78 管路半径R/mm 67.5 表 3 钻井液物理参数
密度/(kg·m-3) 动力黏度/(kg·(m·s)-1) 温度/℃ 比热容/(J·(kg·K)-1) 导热系数/(W·(m·K)-1) 1 100 0.002 70 4.183 0.598 5 表 4 入口边界条件基本参数
入口面积/ m2 入口流速/ (m·s-1) 水力直径/m 雷诺数Re 入口湍流强度 6.46×10-3 4.644 0.035 76 631 0.022 表 5 出口a边界条件基本参数
径向喷嘴直径/mm 出口压力/MPa 出口面积/ m2 水力直径/m 雷诺数Re 出口湍流强度 20 10.356 2.827×10-3 0.06 29 703 0.044 16 10 827 2.827×10-3 0.06 49 486 0.041 12 12.548 2.827×10-3 0.06 62 698 0.040 0 18.141 2.827×10-3 0.06 175 070 0.035 表 6 出口b边界条件基本参数
径向喷嘴直径/mm 出口面积/m2 出口压力/ MPa 水力直径/m 雷诺数Re 出口湍流强度 20 0.314×10-3 10.00 0.02 122 549 0.037 16 0.201×10-3 10.00 0.016 153 186 0.036 12 0.113×10-3 10.00 0.012 204 248 0.036 -
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