Performance Analysis and Optimization Design of SUV Double Wishbone Suspension
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摘要: 以某SUV双横臂悬架为研究对象，在Adams car中建立该悬架系统动力学模型，进行仿真试验，根据仿真结果分析各项定位参数随轮跳的变化规律。针对悬架存在的问题，即外倾角、前束角定位参数的变化不满足设计的要求，选择相关硬点，使用Adams/Insight模块对该硬点位置进行多目标优化设计。采用基于响应面模型的D-optimal算法对所选参数进行优化。优化前后对比表明，调整部分硬点坐标后的双横臂悬架有着更优秀的性能，改善了整车的直线行驶稳定性和不足转向特性。优化后的悬架运动学性能满足要求，此次优化设计结果有效。Abstract: Taking a SUV double-wishbone suspension as a research object, the dynamic model of the suspension system was established in Adams car, and simulation experiments were performed. According to the simulation results, the variation rules of the positioning parameters with the wheel travel are analyzed. Aiming at the problems existing in the suspension such as camber and toe angle did not meet the design requirements, the relevant hard points were selected, and the Adams/Insight module is used for the multi-objective optimization design of the hard point positions. The D-optimal algorithm based on response surface model is used to optimize the selected parameters. The comparison between before and after optimization shows that the double-wishbone suspension after adjusting the coordinates of some hard points has better performance, which improves the straight-line driving stability and understeering characteristics of the entire vehicle. The kinematics performance of the optimized suspension meets the requirements, and the results of this optimization design are valid.
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表 1 SUV车辆参数
参数名称 数值 参数名称 数值 车辆高度 2.18 m 质心高度 1 m 轮距 1.52 m 轴距 2.98 m 质心与前轴距 1.2 m 质心与后轴距 1.78 m 侧倾中心高度 0.25 m 车轮半径 0.3 m 簧载质量 1 600 kg 非簧载质量 240 kg 
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表 2 双横臂悬架初始硬点坐标
硬点 模型硬点名称 坐标 轮心 Wheel_center （0, −760, 300） 上摆臂前点 Uca_front （−200, −450, 525） 上摆臂后点 Uca_rear （250, −490, 530） 上摆臂外点 Uca_outer （40, −675, 525） 下摆臂前点 Lca_front （−200, −400, 150） 下摆臂后点 Lca_rear （200, −450, 155） 下摆臂外点 Lca_outer （0, −750, 100） 转向横拉杆外端点 Tierod_outer （150, −750, 300） 转向横拉杆内端点 Tierod_inner （200, −382, 300） 副车架前点 Subframe_front （−400, −450, 150） 副车架后点 Subframe_rear （400, −450, 150） 减震器下点 Low_strut_mount （0, −600, 150） 减震器上点 Top_mount （40, −500, 650）
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表 3 平行轮跳参数设定
Simulation options Simulation settings Suspension analysis Parallel travel Suspension assembly double_wishbone_suspension Output prefix parallel Number of steps 100 Mode of simulation Interactive Vertical setup mode Wheel center Bump travel 50 Rebound travel −50 Travel relative to Wheel center
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表 4 优化前后硬点坐标对比
硬点名称 初始坐标 优化坐标 Lca_front.x −200 −200 Lca_front.y −400 −397 Lca_front.z 150 142 Lca_rear.x 200 200 Lca_rear.y −450 −445 Lca_rear.z 155 145 Lca_outer.x 0 −6.7 Lca_outer.y −750 −753.5 Lca_outer.z 100 100 Tierod_outer.x 150 157 Tierod_outer.y −750 −750.8 Tierod_outer.z 300 290
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