计及惯量比变化的直线进给系统动态误差分析

苏芳; 王晨升; 郭刚; 高颜萌

doi:10.13433/j.cnki.1003-8728.20200187

计及惯量比变化的直线进给系统动态误差分析

doi: 10.13433/j.cnki.1003-8728.20200187

苏芳^1,,
王晨升^{1, 2},
郭刚¹,
高颜萌¹

1.
山西大同大学机电工程学院，山西大同　037003
2.
天津大学机械工程学院，天津　300350

基金项目: 国家科技重大专项（2017ZX04013001）与大同市重点研发计划项目（2018-022）资助

详细信息

作者简介:
苏芳（1986−），讲师，硕士，研究方向为机械结构动力学， sufang@sxdtdx.edu.cn

中图分类号: TH16
计量
- 文章访问数: 193
- HTML全文浏览量: 69
- PDF下载量: 20
- 被引次数: 0
出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2019-10-11
- 网络出版日期: 2020-12-08
- 刊出日期: 2020-12-05

Dynamic Error Analysis of Feed System Considering Change of Inertia Ratio

1.
School of Mechanical and Engineering, Shanxi Datong University, Shanxi Datong 037003, China
2.
School of Mechanical Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300350, China

摘要

摘要: 直线进给系统的性能是机床加工精度的基础保障，为研究工作过程中惯量比对直线进给系统运动精度及动态特性影响，充分考虑丝杠和工作台振动特性建立了进给系统动力学模型；基于Simulink，将机械结构动力学模型与伺服驱动系统模型相结合，搭建了直线进给系统机电耦合仿真模型，并以此为基础开展了惯量比对直线进给系统性能影响规律研究。分析结果显示，惯量比对直线进给系统动态特性有重要影响，惯量比增大，进给系统调整时间增加，超调量增大，响应性能变差，直线进给系统动态特性也变差；惯量比与定位精度有直接关系，特定的直线进给系统机械结构对应的最佳定位精度具有特定的惯量比要求；随着惯量比的增加，直线进给系统动刚度降低。研究结论可为直线进给系统设计及工况选择提供有效参考。
- 直线进给系统 /
- 机电耦合 /
- 动态误差 /
- 惯量比 /
- 定位精度
Abstract: The performance of the feed system is the basic guarantee of the machining accuracy of the machine tool. In order to study the influence of inertia ratio on the motion accuracy and dynamic characteristics of the feed system in operation, the dynamic model of the feed system is established by taking the vibration characteristics of the lead screw and the working table into consideration. Based on Simulink, the mechanical structure dynamics model is combined with the servo drive system model to build the electromechanical coupling simulation model of the feed system. On this basis, the influence law of inertia ratio on the feed system performance is studied. The simulation analysis results show that the inertia ratio has a great influence on the dynamic characteristics of the feed system. The inertia ratio is directly related to the positioning accuracy. The inertia ratio of the optimal positioning accuracy corresponding to the specific feed system mechanical structure has its own characteristics. The dynamic stiffness of feed system decreases with the increase of inertia ratio. The conclusions provide reference for the design of feed system and selection of working conditions.
- feed system /
- electromechanical coupling /
- dynamic error /
- inertia ratio /
- positioning accuracy

HTML全文

图 1 进给系统机械结构

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图 2 三环伺服控制系统结构

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图 3 接合面等效

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图 4 进给系统简化模型

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图 5 仿真结果

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图 6 机电耦合仿真结构

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图 7 阶跃信号位移响应

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图 8 定位精度

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图 9 斜坡信号位移响应

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图 10 惯量比与动刚度关系

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表 1 结构件参数

参数	丝杠	工作台
结构参数/m	长度：3	长度：2
	直径：0.08	宽度：1
	直径：0.08	厚度：0.2
弹性模量/Pa	2.1×10¹¹	2.1×10¹¹
泊松比	0.3	0.3
密度/(kg·m⁻³)	7850	7800
质量/kg	78.195	2146.52

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表 2 刚度参数

电机	联轴器	轴承	丝杠螺母	导轨滑块
回转2.6×10⁸N∙mm/rad	回转2.6×10⁸N∙mm/rad	轴向6.07×10⁵N/mm	轴向2.64×10⁵N/mm	y向1.25×10⁵N∙mm
		径向2.7×10⁶N/mm	径向1×10⁶N/mm	z向1.25×10⁵N/mm
		转动2×10⁸N∙mm/rad	转动1×10⁹N∙mm/rad	转动2.85×10⁷N∙mm/rad

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表 3 进给系统典型工况对应惯量比

工况	惯量比
空载	3.86
工件500 kg；切削力200 N	4.03
工件1000 kg；切削力400 N	4.20
工件2 000 kg；切削力600 N	4.54

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表 4 响应性能

惯量比	超调量/mm	调整时间/s
3.86	0.0018	0.28
4.03	0.018	0.35
4.20	0.053	0.52
4.54	0.138	0.98

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