Analysis of Ankle Shape and Pressure of Elastic Tube Bandage and Application
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摘要: 弹性护踝为足踝提供一定的压力而起到保护作用，但是压力过大或是分布不均会带来不舒适性，为提高弹性护踝的舒适性，本研究扫描了306个足踝样本数据，分析弹性护踝织物经纬线与足踝形态曲线之间的映射关系，通过凸闭曲线的方式构建弹性护踝相应的形态曲线，确立足踝形态与弹性护踝形态以及织物拉、压力之间的关系。根据扫描样本数据，建立足踝和弹性织物的标准模型，通过与标准模型的比例系数，将足踝尺寸划分为9个类型组。以特征曲线为代表计算了不同足踝尺寸类型的最大压力及相应的位置，结果显示6个适合的护踝尺寸，同时找出弹性护踝对足踝产生的极小压力区域。结合影响压力变化的织物弹性系数和织物伸长量要素，提出形态变化的方法增加相应位置所需压力，从而消除压力分布不均的问题。Abstract: Ankles can benefit from the elastic tube bandage (ETB) by providing the ankle joint with compression. Partial high-or low-pressure leads to human body discomfort. This objective was to propose a method for analyzing the ankle shape with the fabric compression according to the comfortable pressure on human body. By establishing the relationship between the pressure and the ankle shape, the mapping of the fabric warp and weft threads of the ETB on the ankle shape was matched and the corresponding fabric shape curves which provide pressure as the tension were constructed by the U-direction convex curves of ankle. According to the scanned data of 306 lower limbs, the ankles were divided into the nine groups. A standard shape model for ankles was established and each group had a proportional coefficient to it. The maximum pressure of each group could be calculated by using the corresponding position of U-direction characteristic curves and the ankle with minimum pressure areas were also found out at the same time. The calculated result showed that there were six sizes of ETB match for the nine groups of ankles. The method of adjusting the fabric morphological curves was proposed not only to eliminate the problem of uneven pressure distribution but also to increase the required pressure at the corresponding areas. The conclusion of the ankle with the fit pressure should be based on the sizes and shapes which can be applied to the comfort design of ETB for mass users.
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Key words:
- ankle shape /
- elastic tube bandage /
- characteristic curves /
- mapping /
- pressure distribution
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表 1 特征点定义
编号 特征点 定义 1 趾尖点 足坐标系中x值最大的点。 2 脚后跟点 足坐标系中x值最小的点。 3 第1跖趾关节突出点 第1跖趾关节突出点, 位于内侧足弓结束的位置。 4 第5跖趾关节突出点 第5跖趾关节突出点, 位于外侧足弓结束的位置。 5 足弓点 脚底平面足弓线最里面的点。 6 足弓最高点 足弓曲线最高位置的点。 7 脚背点 脚背面上距离足弓点最近的点。 8 胫前下点 脚背面上位于足和腿的交叉处的拐点。 9 内踝突出点 胫骨内踝最突出点。 10 外踝突出点 腓骨外踝最突出点。 11 腿围前点 小腿最小维长最前端的点, 即小腿最小维长平面上x值最大的点。 12 腿围后点 小腿最小维长最后端的点, 即小腿最小维长平面上x值最小的点。 
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表 2 特征曲线型值点位置曲率Ks(LU2(8)=300 mm, C=1)
Ks U4* U5* U6(7)* U8* U2* U10* U9* U11(12)* 0.028 0.056 0.053 0.064 0.073 0.067 0.076 0.061 0.044 0.065 0.065 0.060 0.030 0.068 0.051 0.052 0.056 0.023 0.027 0.015 0.016 0.022 0.015 0.043 0.030 0.015 0.009 0.012 0.022 0.003 0.010 0.034 0.029 0.016 0.016 0.017 0.020 0.013 0.012 0.045 0.020 0.020 0.018 0.028 0.034 0.032 0.031 0.031 0.022 0.017 0.017 0.011 0.021 0.061 0.068 0.012 0.090 0.034 0.030 0.005 0.002 0.040 0.033 0.004 0.066 0.041 0.030 0.001 0.000 0.016 0.024 0.032 0.042 0.037 0.027 0.000 0.000 0.005 0.000 0.037 0.060 0.012 0.013 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.013 0.023 0.007 0.005 0.001 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.009 0.015 0.019 0.033 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.002 0.000 0.017 0.018 0.039 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.010 0.000 0.050 0.048 0.037 0.027 0.000 0.000 0.008 0.000 0.040 0.049 0.040 0.059 0.000 0.000 0.036 0.000 0.007 0.002 0.026 0.047 0.036 0.041 0.067 0.000 0.003 0.000 0.024 0.040 0.070 0.090 0.064 Ks(A) 0.000 0.001 0.002 0.031 0.056 0.089 0.116 0.083 0.000 0.007 0.016 0.035 0.065 0.096 0.040 0.070 0.006 0.044 0.072 0.032 0.033 0.010 0.000 0.038 0.016 0.079 0.059 0.030 0.009 0.000 0.000 0.004 0.060 0.041 0.026 0.028 0.001 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.110 0.065 0.056 0.008 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.008 0.123 0.033 0.030 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.039 0.088 0.011 0.001 0.000 0.000 0.017 0.056 0.040 0.016 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.061 0.050 0.020 0.003 0.011 0.000 0.009 0.013 0.025 0.018 0.011 0.000 0.014 0.016 0.005 0.018 0.026 0.024 0.014 0.000 0.005 0.011 0.002 0.023 0.018 0.011 0.020 0.000 0.017 0.002 0.006 0.019 0.002 0.003 0.018 0.000 0.015 0.022 0.017 0.001 0.002 0.005 0.034 0.000 0.019 0.012 0.008 0.037 0.006 0.013 0.027 0.019 0.032 0.023 0.051 0.036 0.032 0.035 0.039 0.021 0.018 0.035 0.019 0.018 0.027 0.023 0.038 0.012 0.032 0.016 0.034 0.056 0.026 0.036 0.037
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表 3 特征曲线型值点对应的Ksmax
曲线 U4* U5* U6(7)* U8* U2* U10* U9* U11(12)* Ls/mm 226.7 246.2 256.3 311.5 291.4 260.2 252.8 207.8 型值点 a4, 24 a5, 21 a6, 20 a8, 0 a2, 0 a10, 19 a9, 18 a11, 18 Ksmax 0.123 0.079 0.072 0.064 0.073 0.096 0.116 0.083
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表 4 不同足类型a8, 0位置在不同X值时的压力
X/mm 压力/kPa 类型1 类型2 类型3 类型4 类型5 类型6 类型7 类型8 类型9 140 9.606 9.984 10.337 10.674 10.980 11.266 11.543 11.795 12.032 150 8.867 9.273 9.651 10.012 10.340 10.647 10.943 11.213 11.467 160 8.129 8.562 8.965 9.351 9.700 10.027 10.343 10.631 10.902 170 7.391 7.851 8.279 8.689 9.060 9.408 9.743 10.049 10.337 180 6.653 7.140 7.593 8.027 8.420 8.788 9.143 9.467 9.772 190 5.915 6.429 6.907 7.365 7.780 8.168 8.544 8.885 9.207 200 5.176 5.718 6.221 6.703 7.140 7.549 7.944 8.304 8.643 210 4.438 5.007 5.535 6.041 6.500 6.929 7.344 7.722 8.078 220 3.700 4.296 4.849 5.380 5.860 6.310 6.744 7.140 7.513
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表 5 不同足类型a9, 18位置在不同X值时的压力
X/mm 压力/kPa 类型1 类型2 类型3 类型4 类型5 类型6 类型7 类型8 类型9 140 10.589 11.276 11.914 12.526 13.080 13.599 14.100 14.556 14.986 150 9.251 9.987 10.670 11.326 11.920 12.476 13.013 13.502 13.963 160 7.913 8.698 9.427 10.127 10.760 11.353 11.925 12.447 12.939 170 6.575 7.409 8.184 8.927 9.600 10.230 10.838 11.393 11.915 180 5.237 6.120 6.941 7.727 8.440 9.107 9.751 10.338 10.891 190 3.899 4.831 5.697 6.528 7.280 7.984 8.664 9.284 9.867 200 2.561 3.542 4.454 5.328 6.120 6.861 7.577 8.229 8.843 210 1.223 2.253 3.211 4.129 4.960 5.738 6.490 7.175 7.820 220 -0.115 0.964 1.967 2.929 3.800 4.615 5.402 6.120 6.796
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