Analyzing Electromagnetic Linear Motor Suspension Energy Regenerative Potential and Energy Recovery
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摘要: 为了预测悬架馈能潜力及实现振动能量回收，针对电磁直线电机悬架结构，建立了1/4馈能悬架数学模型，并利用台架试验加以验证。以馈能功率均方根值为衡量指标，分析了包括行驶工况及悬架参数在内的馈能潜力影响因素，获得了各因素对悬架馈能潜力的影响显著性。在此基础上，设计了能量回收电路及升降压控制规则，运用MATLAB/Simulink对悬架能量回收性能进行仿真，并与无升降压控制规则进行对比分析。结果表明：升降压控制规则使能量回收效率提高了24.1%，所设计的能量回收电路及升降压控制规则能够有效地提高悬架振动能量回收。Abstract: In order to predict suspension energy regenerative potential and realize the recovery of vibration energy, the mathematical model of 1/4 energy regenerative suspension is established for the electromagnetic linear motor suspension structure and verified with the bench test. The root mean square value of the energy regenerative power is used as the index, the influence factors of energy regenerative potential, including driving conditions and suspension parameters, are analyzed; the influence of various factors on suspension energy regenerative potential is obtained. On this basis, energy recovery circuit and voltage rise and fall control rules were designed; the MATLAB/Simulink was used to simulate the suspension energy recovery performance. The comparisons were made with the no voltage rise and fall control rules. The simulation results show that the voltage rise and fall control rules increase the energy recovery efficiency by 24.1% and that the designed energy recovery circuit and voltage rise and fall control rules can effectively improve the vibration energy recovery of the electromagnetic linear motor suspension.
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表 1 路面等级与路面不平度系数对应关系
路面等级 Gq(n0)范围/10-6 Gq(n0)平均值/10-6 A 8~32 16 B 32~128 64 C 128~512 256 D 512~2 048 1 024 
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表 2 仿真计算的车辆参数
参数及单位 数值 簧载质量m2/kg 260 非簧载质量m1/kg 30 弹簧刚度k1/(N·m-1) 13 000 轮胎刚度kt/(N·m-1) 150 000 减振器阻尼系数c1/(N·s·m-1) 1 600 参考空间频率n0/m-1 0.1
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表 4 不同车速与路面等级下悬架馈能功率均方根值
速度/(km·h-1) 功率均方根值/W A级 B级 C级 D级 10 2.461 9.840 39.339 157.270 30 7.375 29.485 117.876 471.245 50 12.298 48.969 196.441 785.301 70 17.212 68.535 274.93 1 099.1
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表 5 悬架各参数馈能功率均方根值仿真数据分析
参数 最大值/W 最小值/W 极差/W kt 32.705 24.729 7.976 m1 32.402 25.776 6.626 m2 29.691 27.387 2.304 k1 29.485 28.276 1.209 c1 29.794 29.185 0.609
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表 7 馈能悬架能量回收数据分析
参数 无升降压控制规则 有升降压控制规则 直线电机振动总能量Wl/J 223.73 223.73 超级电容组回收总能量Wc/J 122.59 176.54 能量回收效率η=(Wc/Wl)×% 54.8 78.9
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